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Weather Module 3 > Satellite image theory > Flashcards

Satellite image theory Flashcards

1
Q

Satellite imagery can assist in weather analysis in several ways:

A

Coherent view of cloud patterns
Pressure patterns and other chart features can be inferred
Identify and follow mesoscale systems which might have been missed.

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2
Q

During the briefing satellite imagery is:

A

An excellent visual aid
Fills in data sparse areas
Real time information
update analyzed charts of changing conditions

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3
Q

For forecasting satellite imagery is:

A

an analysis tool
A direct aid in short term forecasting
Input into weather prediction models
A means for monitoring performance in the early stages of a forecast.

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4
Q

List the 2 types of satellite systems

A

GOES - geostationary

POES - polar orbiting

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5
Q

With respect to GOES, For North America, image scans are produced every __ minutes and a full earth disk is scanned every ____ hours

A

15 mins

3 hours

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6
Q

How many images of a certain area does the POES satellite take in 12 hours?

A

1

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of radiation measured by satellite radiometers

A

Solar (visible)

Terrestrial (infrared)

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8
Q

What are black bodies?

A

Substances which absorb all radiation falling on them at every wavelength. all liquids and solids are considered black bodies for met.

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9
Q

The maximum intensities of Solar and Terrestrial radiation are:

A 
Solar = 0.5 Micrometers
Terrestrial= 11 micrometers
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10
Q

Water vapor absorbs radiation at what wavelengths

A

6-7 micrometers

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11
Q

What are the factors that effect sensor resolution

A

Radiation intensity
Distance from source
Radiometer characteristics
Distance from sub point

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12
Q

What is image resolution

A

number of kilometers per pixel. for GOES it is:
Vis 1
IR 4
WV 8

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13
Q

List the 4 spectral bands used by nav canada

A

IR
Near IR
Water Vapor
Visible

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14
Q

What is the basic interpretation of VIS images

A

Black: Low Albedo
White: High Albedo

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15
Q

Clouds with high albedo have:

A

Large vertical depth
High cloud-water content
Small average cloud-droplet size

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16
Q

What are the advantages of visible imagery

A

Generally unambiguous representation
Similar to a black and white photo
Important for daytime cloud and surface mapping
Brightness proportional to solar reflection
atmosphere is transparent to this radiation
Image can be enhanced to bring out fringe areas

17
Q

What are the disadvantages to visible imagery

A

Daylight hours only
diurnal and seasonal variations
Surfaces with similar albedo difficult to distinguish

18
Q

What are the advantages to NIR imagery?

A

Same as visible
Better for high albedo/warm vs low albedo/cold
good for land/water differentiation

19
Q

What are the disadvantages to NIR imagery?

A

Only available from POES

Same as visible

20
Q

The appearance of the Water Vapor imagery depends on?

A

The temperature of the moisture (or its altitude)
Moisture concentration
Black =high temp low concentrations
white = low temp/high concentrations

21
Q

What are the advantages of Water vapor imagery?

A

Good representation of moisture in mid/high levels
mid/high level circulation
cold upper lows, jet streams, deformation zones

22
Q

What are the disadvantages of Water vapor imagery?

A

Coarse resolution (8km)
difficult to interpret moisture height
surfaces with similar grey tones difficult to interpret
low water vapor concentrations semi transparent
Only on GOES

23
Q

What is the IR display radiation?

A

10.7 micrometers

24
Q

What do white and black mean on the IR imagery?

A 
White = low temperatures = high clouds, convective tops
black = high temperatures = ocean, ground, low cloud
25
Q

What are the advantages of IR imagery?

A

Provides temperature representation
Available day or night
important for day and night cloud and surface mapping
Atmosphere transparent to this wavelength

26
Q

What are the disadvantages of IR imagery?

A

surfaces with the same temperature impossible to distinguish
Misinterpretations with thin or scattere clouds due to contamination
nonenhanced images difficult to interpret
4km resolution

27
Q

All satellite images received by Nav Canada contain up to ______ shades of grey. the human eye can only perceive _______

A

256

15-40

28
Q

Define image enhancement

A

The process of assigning new values to a range of pixels in order to more easily identify phenomena.

29
Q

How many enhancement curves are available for VIS and IR imagery?

A 
VIS = 19
IR = 48
30
Q

All GOES images originate from?

All POES images originate from?

A 
GOES = CMC
POES = Edmonton

Weather Module 3 (10 decks)

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