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Italian Wine Scholar - Unit 2 The Wines of Central & Southern Italy > Sardegna - Appellations > Flashcards

Sardegna - Appellations Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the minimum percentage required for Vernaccia di Oristano grape in the DOC?

What is the minimum alcohol level?

A
  • 100% - must be made entirely from Vernaccia di Oristano
  • At least 15% abv
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2
Q

What is the ageing requirement for Carignano del Sulcis Superiore and Riserva?

A

At least two years of ageing (including six months in bottle)

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3
Q

What style of wines are produced in Malvasia di Bosa DOC(!)?

A

Medium-sweet or sweet style

The wine is usually vinified in stainless steel and does not under go ageing.

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4
Q

Describe the “Flor”

A
  • In barrel, oxygen promotes the development of flor.
  • Yeasts initially form small islands that gradually increase in thickness and size until they cover the entire wine surface
  • The flor protects the wine underneath it and allows for controlled oxidation.
  • The speed and formation of the flor is critical to wine quality.
  • Ideally flor should develop quickly thickly and compactly.
  • Although yeasts consume some of the alcohol in the wine, water evaporates through the wood at a higher rate resulting in an overall increase of the final alcohol content during the ageing period.
  • Wines that remain in wood for 10 or more years can even achieve alcohol levels of 20% abv
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5
Q

This DOC is the only appellation on the island that allows for international varieties to be featured as varietal wines or as the backbone of blends.

The DOC allows Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay.

A

Alghero DOC

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6
Q

What is the primary soil type of Vermentino di Gallura?

A

The top soil consists of grey and pink granite.

Granite is the ideal soil type of Vermentino.

The soil type has limited water holding capacity, making irrigation a necessity during hot and dry spells.

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7
Q

What is Sardegna’s flagship appellation for red wines?

A

Cannonau di Sardegna DOC (!)

It can be produced anywhere across the island.

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8
Q

Which DOC has the following sub-zones that have historically delivered distinctive and long lived expressions of Cannonau:

  • Nepente di Oliena
  • Jerzu
  • Capo Ferrato
A

Cannonau di Sardegna DOC

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9
Q

What are the minimum alcohol and ageing requirements for Malvasia di Bosa Riserva?

A
  • At least 15.5% abv
  • Minimum of 2 years with one year in wood
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10
Q

This DOC has its wine based on Monica all across Sardegna with a minimum of 85% Monica with a small portion of other grapes such as Bovale and Carignano.

The wines have aromas of blackberry, cherry, red berry jam.

A

Monica di Sardegna DOC (!)

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11
Q

What “system” is known for employing a fractional blending and admixing method (for Vernaccia di Oristano)?

A

The Solera system

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12
Q

Match soil types with the following areas:

  1. Alluvial
  2. Calcareous top soils over volcanic sub soils
  3. Calcareous clay and sandstone
  4. Metamorphic and igneous rocks (granites)
  5. Sandy soils
  • Gallura (northeastern corner)/Oliena, Capo Ferrato(east-central)
  • Bosa(west central)
  • Sassari (northwestern corner)
  • Campidano plain as well as the coastal plain around Alghero, Oristano and Sulchis
  • Sassari
A
  • Metamorhic/igneous rocks - Gallura (northeastern corner)/Oliena, Capo Ferrato(east-central)
  • Calcareous over volcanic - Bosa(west central)
  • Sandy soils - Sassari (northwestern corner)
  • Alluvial - Campidano plain as well as the coastal plain around Alghero, Oristano and Sulchis
  • Sassari
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13
Q

What is the minimum ageing requirement of Cannonau di Sardegna Riserva?

A

2 years with at least 6 months in wood

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14
Q

List production processes of making Vernaccia di Oristano.

A
  1. During March of the year following harvest, the wine is transferred to chestnut or oak barrels that are filled to no more than 80% of their volume
  2. By law, the wine must remain in these partially filled barrels for at least two years
  3. The cellars must be very well ventilated in order for the wine to be subjected to seasonal temperature fluctuations
  4. In such conditions, a layer of film yeasts (flor) forms on the surface of the wine and metabolizes alcohol and acid
  5. It produces aldehydes such as acetaldehyde - the compound responsible for the characteristic “sherry” aroma
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15
Q

True or False

As with Sherry, Vernaccia di Oristano wine is fortified.

A

False

The wine is NOT fortified.

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16
Q

What features are common of the vines in Carignano del Sulcis DOC?

A

Very old, ungrafted alberello particularly on the two islands and in the coastal areas of the mainland.

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17
Q

Carignano produced in this DOC is considered among Sardegna’s most distinctive red wines but it cannot compete volumetrically with the Cannonau di Sardegna DOC. The Cannonau di Sardegna DOC produces four times as much wine.

This DOC lies in the southwest corner of the island in the geographic sub-region of Sulcis.

A

Carignano del Sulcis DOC(!)

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18
Q

This appellation was granted DOC in 1972 but the wine production is even smaller than that of Venaccia di Oristano.

This tiny appellation is found in the west-central coast of Sardegna.

A

Malvasia di Bosa DOC(!)

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19
Q

The best examples of this wine are often described as being “granitic” with briny-salty nuances.

The palate is rich and full bodied with high alcohol and refreshing acidity with aromas of flowers, citrus, ripe white and yellow fruit, aromatic herbs and Mediterranean scrub and flint/mineral.

What appellation produces this wine?

A

Vermentino di Gallura DOCG(!)

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20
Q

True or False

The majority of DOC/G in Sardegna are varietally designated.

A

True

There are five varietal, regional DOCs (out of 17) that cover the entire island.

21
Q

How many DOCG and DOCs are in Sardegna?

A

1 DOCG

17 DOCs

22
Q

This DOC wine is a little known island jewel.

Traditionally reserved for special occasions, it serves as a symbol of friendship and hospitality.

A

Malvasia di Bosa DOC(!)

23
Q

What is the minimum percentage required for Cannonau in Cannonau di Sardegna DOC?

What are three typical blending parters?

A

85%

Bovale

Carignano

Pascale

24
Q

Describe the vineyards of Vernaccia di Oristano DOC(!)

A

Vineyards are predominantly planted in the sandy clays of the alluvial plain along the Tirso River.

25
Q

This appellation was granted Sardenia’s very first official DOC in August 1971.

A

Vernaccia di Oristano(!)

26
Q

What event in 1980s triggered considerable reduction in Sardegna’s total area under vine and the producers and growers to shift to quality wine production?

A
  • Declining bulk market
  • EU vine pull programs

Forced many cooperatives to go out of business.

27
Q

What climatic condition moderates temperature during the growing season in Carignano del Sulcis DOC with warm to hot summers?

A

Frequent Maestrale (Mistral) wind

28
Q

This DOC has its Vermentino wine to be produced all across the entire island.

By law the wine must contain a minimum of 85% Vermentino.

A

Vermentino di Sardegna DOC(!)

29
Q

What are two islands in Carignano del Sulcis DOC?

A

I. S Pietro

I. S Antico

30
Q

Name the sub region Cannonau di Sardegna Classico can be produced and the minimum requirement of Cannonau for Classico?

A

Ogliastra sub region of Nuoro province

Minimum of 90% Cannonau

(min 2 years ageing with at least one year in wood)

31
Q

The rare white Torbato grape variety is limited to this area of Sardegna where it is used to produce dry and sparkling wines.

Name the DOC that produces the wines.

A

Alghero DOC(!)

32
Q

True or False

Alghero Rosso, Alghero Bianco and Alghero Rosato can include international varieties.

A

True

33
Q

This DOC has at least 90% Moscato Bianco with the wine finished sweet and can be produced all across the entire island of Sardegna.

A

Moscato di Sardegna DOC

34
Q

What is the most important IGT in Sardegna?

A

Isola dei Nuraghi IGT

35
Q

What is the minimum percentage required in Carignano del Sulcis DOC?

If blended, what is the traditional partner?

A

Min 85% Carignano

Most are 100% but if blended, the traditional partner is Bovale.

36
Q

What are characteristics of Carignano in Carignano del Sulcis DOC?

A
  • Wind resistant
  • Get all the heat needed to fully ripen
  • Old vines in combination with poor soils curtails yields and produce quality fruit
37
Q

What is the requirement for Carignano del Sulcis Superiore?

A

It must be made from vineyards exclusively trained by alberello.

38
Q

While today there is very limited production from this appellation, the wine has a long heritage and remains a point of pride for the island.

This appellation was Sardegna’s first DOC in 1971.

A

Vernaccia di Oristano DOC (!)

39
Q

This is the only appellation that produces varietal Cagnulari and Torbato.

The DOC lies on alluvial coastal plains and low hills in the province of Sassari.

A

Alghero DOC(!)

40
Q

What is Sardegna’s only DOCG and the principal appellation for Vermentino in terms of quality and total volume of wine?

A

Vermentino di Gallura DOCG (!)

41
Q

Sardegna’s fortified wine tradition (far more common here than the rest of Italy) links to Aragon.

What are virtually only two Italian wines produced through biological ageing (like Spanish jerez/sherry) in Sardegna?

A
  • Vernaccia di Oristano
  • Malvasia di Bosa
42
Q

What are two other styles of Monica di Sardegna DOC along with the still wine?

A
  • Frizzante
  • Superiore
43
Q

What type of soil mixture is present in Carignano del Sulcis DOC (including the islands)?

A

Clay/Sand mix

the loose sandy soils have poor water holding capacity, they have kept phylloxera at bay.

44
Q

What are ageing requirements of Vernaccia di Oristano Superiore and Riserva and the minimum alcohol level for both?

A
  • Min 3 years for Supriore
  • Min 4 years for Riserva
  • Min 15.5% abv for both
45
Q

Which appellation covers roughly the historic and geographic sub-region of Gallura in the northeast part of the island.

This area now lies within the modern-day province of Sassari.

A

Vermentino di Gallura DOCG(!)

46
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Vermentino for Vermentino di Gallura DOC?

A

Minimum of 95% Vermentino

Typically vinified in stainless steel

47
Q

Which iconic producer exemplified the most classic and compelling style of Malvasia di Bosa Riserva?

A

Columbu

48
Q

What is the minimum percentage and alcohol required for Malvasia di Sardegna in Malvasia di Bosa DOC(!)?

A

At least 95% Malvasia di Sardegna

Min 13% abv

49
Q

What wine production practices produces a very complex, age-worthy and more oxidative style of Malvasia di Bosa?

A

The wine barrels are not filled completely in order to promote the development of flor.

it has intense aromas of dried fruit, hay, honey, spices, toasted almond and Mediterranean scrub coupled with the tang of salty-brine.

It is also high in alcohol (16-17%) but well balanced by acidity and minerality.

Italian Wine Scholar - Unit 2 The Wines of Central & Southern Italy (24 decks)

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