Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Italian Wine Scholar - Unit 2 The Wines of Central & Southern Italy > History - the Central and Southern Italy > Flashcards

History - the Central and Southern Italy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
WSET ® Level 1 Spirits flashcards Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards Italian Verbs flashcards WSET ® Level 3 Spirits flashcards WSET ® Level 2 Wine flashcards WSET ® Level 1 Wine flashcards WSET ® Level 3 Wine flashcards Wine Appreciation flashcards WSET ® Level 2 Spirits flashcards WSET® Level 4 Wine flashcards
1
Q

Political stability was restored in Puglia in the early 18th century when it fell under the control of another political power?

Name the entity.

A

The Spanish Bourbon dynasty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which three countries produce most corks?

For Italy, where is its cork production concentrated?

A
  • Portugal, Spain and Italy
  • Gallura in Sardegna
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which two wine regions stand at the forefront of viticulture and winemaking by receiving the number of awards and ratings?

A
  1. Piemonte
  2. Toscana
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which two important cities in Umbria the Etruscans founded and were instrumental in developing viticulture and winemaking prior to the Roman conquest?

A
  • Perugia
  • Orvieto
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who influenced the viticulture in Marche prior to the Senones in the 4th century B.C? The Senones was a Celtic Gallic tribe from northwest Europe that crossed the Alps.

A

Etruscans who lived in nearby Umbria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This DOC is Toscana’s easternmost DOC. It lies proximity to the border with Umbria and Lake Trasimeno.

Syrah is the most widely planted grape and accounts for more than half of the total wine production.

Varietal Syrah has become the signature wine.

A

Cortona DOC(!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The Medici family and Napoleon highly praised wines of Elba. What was the wine they were referring to?

A

The sweet passito wine made from the red Aleatico grape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How did the Etruscans play critical role in viticulture and winemakng in the terriotries they inhabited? (2)

A

The Etruscans domesticated wild vines (Vitis vinifera sylvestris) and trained them high above the ground using trees as natural supports.

They also developed wine trade by exporting to the southern coast of France and Spain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most famous crop along the Amalfi coast along with vines and famous liqueor produced from it?

A

Lemon, locally known as “sfusato”.

Limoncello is the liqueor produced from it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How did the word “Toscana” derive from ?

A

It is from Latin “Etrurla”, a word used by the Romans to indicate the land inhabited by the Etruscans.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What wines are produced in San Gimignano DOC as opposed to Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG (!)?

A

Red wines

Sangiovese based red and varietal wines from Sangiovese, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot among others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Campania wines follow the precedents set by Greeks, Etruscans and Romans.

Name the four appellations with the influence still felt today.

A
  1. Falerno del Massico
  2. Aspirino di Aversa
  3. Campi Flegrel
  4. Ischia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What viticultural practices introduced to then inhabitants in Sicilia by the Greeks?

A
  • Introduced their native vines
  • Low Alberello training system
  • Short pruning techinques
  • Produced sweet high alcohol wines which were diluted with water and seasoned with various spices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which tribe of people inhabited Marche as early as 1,000BC?

A

Piceni tribe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

While its most important agricultural products are olive oil and wine, which region is renowned for black truffles, lentils and the chocolate?

A

Umbria

(“the chocolate of Perugia”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When did Chianti area was awarded DOC and then ulpgraded to DOCG?

When did Chianti Classico receive its own independent DOCG appellation?

A

DOC: 1967

DOCG: 1984

Chianti Classico DOCG: 1996

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What wine region is the second smallest and the second least populated behind Valle d’Aosta?

A

Molise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or Flase

Prior to the 18th century, most prominent wines produced in Montalcino were sweet white wines based on Malvasia grape.

A

False

The wine was based on Moscato, locally known as Moscadello.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is ancient city founded by Greek settlers in the 8th century BC and among the most important and influential cities of Magna Graecia (Great Greece)?

The famous inventor and mathematician Archimedes was born here.

A

Siracusa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which two city-states in Toscana became regional super-powers as of the 13th century and for the next 300 years?

A
  1. the Republic of Siena
  2. the Republic of Firenze
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

List top three grapes in Abruzzo (by area under vine).

A
  1. Montepulciano : 56%
  2. Trebbiano Toscano: 18%
  3. Trebbiano Abruzzese: 9%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

After the 11th century with the arrival of Normans, Puglia was handed over to another group which inherited the Kingdom but they were not interested in economic development of the region.

Who were they?

A

The German House of Hohenstaufen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who initially were instrumental in developing viticulture and winemaking in Campania?

A

The Greeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

True or False

Wine has been produced in Umbria since at least the time of Etruscans in Umbria.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What caused surprise and chagrin of the Chianti producers in the historic wine growing area in 1932?

A

The Italian government officially expanded the Chianti denomination to a much larger area.

Subsequently the historic area of Chianti was awarded with the designation of Classico in order to distinguish from the enlarged area. Sub-zones were also created in the expanded Chianti winegrowing area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which wines in Campania were highly reputed during the Roman period? (3)

A
  1. Wines of Vesuvio
  2. Campi Flegrei
  3. Falernum from Monte Massico
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which current village lies where the most sought-after Falernum, Falernum Faustianum and which part of elevlation on the hill it is located?

A

Falciano del Massico

Mid level elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What did Umbria take its name from?

A

Umbri

An ancient italic tribe who settled in the araa before the 1st millennium BC.

The tribe occupied on the east bank of the Tevere River while the Etruscans occupied the area on the western bank.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the minimum grape percentage for Vernaccia di San Gilignano DOCG(!) and ageing requirment for Riserva?

A

Minimum of 85%

Minimum of 11 months ageing with at least 3 months in bottle (12.5% minimum abv)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

List in order of the people (up to 10) who arrived and inhibited Sicilia.

A
  1. Siculi (Sicels)
  2. Phoenicians
  3. Greeks
  4. Romans
  5. Arab Saraceni
  6. Normans (the Kingdom of Sicily)
  7. German Hohenstaufen
  8. French House of Anjou
  9. Spanish Kingdom of Aragon
  10. House of Savoy
  11. Austrian Habsburgs
  12. Spanish Bourbons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What were noteworthy about Krotos and Rhegin?

A

Krotos (modern day Crotone) and Rhegin (modern day Reggio Calabria) were among the most famous Greek settlements as Calabria was one of the principal centers of Greek colonization in southern Italy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What was “Marmertinum”?

A

Marmentinum was the most famous Sicilian wine during the Roman period and was considered among the best Italian wines in its day.

In the 1960s, a handful of producers around MIlazzo began to bottle some of their wines with the name “Mamertino”. The DOC was approved in 2004.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Who founded the small coastal colony of Ankon (modern day Ancona) in Marche between the 5th and 4 th century?

A

The Greeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

This area in Eastern Toscana was one of the four winemaking zones protected by Grand Duke Cosimo III de’ Medici edict in 1716 but its wines fell into oblivion over rtime.

The DOC designiation was received in 2011.

Although Sangiovese is widely grown, the DOC also grows a substantial amount of international grapes.

A

Val d’Arno di Sopra DOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

After recovery from phylloxera, Puglia focused solely on the production of deeply colored, alcoholic full bodied wine.

What is this style of wine called in Italian?

A

Vini da Taglio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which winegrowing reqion the ancient Greeks settlers initially named “Oenotria” (“the land of vines”) when they first arrived in southern Italy?

A

Calabria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Volumetrically which three wine regions compete as Italy’s largest producer?

A
  • Veneto
  • Emilia-Romagna
  • Puglia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The widespread use of Alberello training system in Puglia points the strong heritage of which culture?

A

The Greek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

True or False

Marche is highly reputed for truffle-hunting.

A

True

Especially the Pesaro-Urbino province is considered one of Italy’s best areas for finding this delicacy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

In what year an eruption of the Vesuvio volcano wiped out the cities of Pompei and Ercolano along with illustrious Latin author and naturalist Pliny the Elder?

A

79 AD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Until the emergence of Torgiano and Montefalco in the late 20th century, which wines were the only Umbrian wines with a longstanding reputation?

A

The white wines of Orvieto

42
Q

Which city in Toscana in particular became the center of the Rinascimento marking the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the early Modern Age?

A

Firenze

43
Q

In 1924, 33 producers of historic Chianti grouped together to combat fraud. What did they do?

A

They formed one of the first Italian consorzio. They adopted the Gallo Nero as their iconic symbol.

In 1927, the consorzio officially formalized the boundaires of the historic Chianti zone.

44
Q

Name the most celebrated artists of the Rinascimento? (8)

A
  1. Raphael *
  2. Giotto
  3. Botticelli
  4. Titian
  5. Brunelleschi
  6. Bramante
  7. Michelangelo *
  8. Leonard da Vinci *

*Ninja Turtle character name (Donatello is the other)

45
Q

After the fall of Roman Empire which took over Lucania from Lucani tribe, the Byzantine briefly took over the land and renamed it to Basilicata.

Which tribe came after them in 5th century AD? And which tribe took them over?

A

Lombards

Normans

46
Q

Which tribe originally settled in Basilicata around 8th century BC when the Greeks tried to move in?

A

Lucani Tribe

Lucania is still commonly used as synonym of Basilicata.

47
Q

Which tribe/force fought Samnites to take Campania in its own?

A

Romans

48
Q

True or False

Until 1963, Molise and Abruzzo formed one single region.

A

True

49
Q

What specific viticulture practices improved from quantity minded to focusing on quality? (up to 8)

A
  1. Higher planting densities
  2. Lower yields
  3. Better Clones
  4. International grapes introduced
  5. Consulting enologists
  6. New modern equipment
  7. Impeccable cellar hygine
  8. New French oak barrrel introduced
50
Q

What is the people in Sardegna called and what is their language is called?

A
  • The Sardi
  • Sardo, very close to Latin and is officially recognized by the Italian government
51
Q

According to historical documents which area was said to have used Verdicchio grape for winemaking as early as 1579?

A

Matelica

The town can be traced back to the time of the Piceni tribe.

52
Q

What is the volcanic island, the largest of Sicilian islands?

It lies in the Sicilian Channel and is closer to North Africa (Tunisia) than to Sicilia. The island is nicknamed “Perla Nera” (black pearl) because of its dark, greenish volcanic rocks.

A

Volcanic island of Pantelleria

53
Q

What event triggered the modern day red wine renaissance that spread across Toscana and gradually over all of Italy in 1980s?

A

Birth of Super Tuscan wine category

54
Q

This wine from Campania was considered to be the greatest wines of antiquity and for Romans, it was the greatest and most sought-after wine of all - a wine for emperors and a true “first growth” of its time.

A

Falernum

55
Q

Who brought relatively stability to Campania in the 18th century, establishing the Kingdom of Two Sicilies incorporating Campania and the rest of southern Italy including Siscilia?

A

The Spanish Bourbon dynasty

56
Q

In Roman times, Pliny the Elder described the island as “insula vini ferax” (the island fertile of wine)? Which island was Pliny the Elder referring to?

A

Elba

57
Q

What is the town of Alberobello in Puglia well known for as it is listed among UNESCO World Heritage Sites?

A

“Capital of the Trulli”

In the southern part of the Murge plateau is famously characterized by “trulli” (trullo, singular) - small round white houses with conical rooves.

58
Q

List in proper historical order the tribes/people who inhabitated (or invaded) and established in Campania from pre 7th century BC on

  • Samnites/Osci
  • Etruscans
  • Greeks
  • Romans (Republic/Empire)
  • Lombards
  • Byzantines (East Roman Empire)
  • Normans
  • Ostrogoths
  • Spanish Bourbons
A
  1. Greeks
  2. Etruscans
  3. Samnites/Osci
  4. Romans(Republic/Empire)
  5. Ostrogoths
  6. Byznatines (East Roman Empire)
  7. Lombards
  8. Normans
  9. Spanish Bourbons
59
Q

Who founded the city of Capua and trained their vines up trees in Campania?

A

The Etruscans

60
Q

This winegrowing area is an ancient medieval hill town of Etrsucan origin in the southeast of Toscana along the border wtih Umbria.

Arguably no other Italian wine that has gathered such a long list of documented praise and was already famous during Roman times and acquired a noble (nobile) connotation as they largely ened up on the tables of noblemen and other prominent individuals.

A

Montepulciano

61
Q

What factors stimulated a period of viticulture recovery and development in Toscana after the abolishment of Mezzedria? (3)

A
  1. Investment in land due to inexpensive land prices
  2. Introduction of DOC system
  3. Grapes were no longer planted alongside other crops
62
Q

Which people (tribe) first settled in the island of Elba to exploit its iron deposits but also cultivated vines prior to the Romans?

A

Etruscans

63
Q

What was Lega del Chianti and what did it to do to Chianti region?

A

Powerful city-state of Firenze established Lega del Chianti (League of Chianti), military and poilitical jurisdiction in 1384 to officially establish the geograhpic and political boundaries of the original/historic zone of Chianti (Chianti Storico) for the first time.

64
Q

When did Greek settlers arrive to introduce the vine to the island of Ischia?

A

The 8th Century B.C.

65
Q

Which region of Toscanao the following DOCs are located in:

  • Val d’Arbia DOC
  • Colli del’Etruria Centrale DOC
  • San Torpe DOC
  • Terre di Pisa DOC
  • Valdinievole DOC
  • Bianco dell’Empolese DOC
  • Terre di Casole DOC
A

Central Toscana (often overlapping Chianti winegrowing areas)

66
Q

How did the name “Sicilia” derive from?

A

From Siculi (Sicels), one of the ancient Italic tribes to first inhibit the island.

67
Q

What triggered the turning point of Marche’s wine industry starting in the 1960s and 1970s? (up to 4)

A
  1. The end of mezzadria
  2. The end of coltura promiscua (mixed crop farming)
  3. The introduction of DOC system
  4. Outside investment allowined the wine industry to modernize and advance
68
Q

True or False

Campania turned out to be a fulcrum of Hellenic culture for all of central and southern Italy and one of the most important centers of Magna Gracia (Great Greece).

A

True

69
Q

What were the native people who lived in Sardegna as far back as in 1800 BC?

A

Nuragic

70
Q

Which region has been known as “wine reservoir” of Europe?

A

Puglia

71
Q

Describe how the Estruscans used the system of tunnels and caves.

A
  • A gravitiy fed vinification system untilizing three floors or levels for making and preserving wines
  • Grapes were pressed at ground level then drained through terracota pipes
  • In the underground middle level fermenation took place
  • The wine transferred to a lower level and cooler cave where maturation and cellaring took place.
72
Q

True or False

Most experts agree that Falernum was a white wine, possibly made with Falaghina, Greco of even Aglianico in the blend.

A

True

73
Q

Who officially founded the town of Vittoria (famed for Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG(!)) in the early 17th century?

A

The Countess of Modica, Vittoria Colonna Henriquez.

This noblewoman developed the township by offering the first 75 settlers two hectares of land each, but she stipulated that one of those two hectares be solely planted to vines.

74
Q

Which banking family became de facto ruler in the 15th century in Firenze and helped Firenze take control of nearly all of Toscana?

A

The Medici family

75
Q

Which people (tribe) settled in Toscana in the 9th century BC and remained the dominant and civilizing presence in the area for centuries?

A

the Etruscans

76
Q

What is “Rinascimento”?

A

“Renaissance”

Eventual European wide Italian cultural movement that took place between the 14th and 16th centuries.

Tuscan cities played prominent roles.

77
Q

What style of wine Calabria produced much of the 19th and 20th century?

A

Deeply colored highly alcoholic bulk wine (vino da taglio).

78
Q

What were added to Falernum to soften and prolong its life?

A

Honey, resin, spices and sea water and aged in amphorase for long periods, more than 10 years.

79
Q

True or False

Abruzzo rivals Toscana as the second most productive region of central and southern Italy.

A

False

it is the third most.

80
Q

What influence was instrumental in the development of Marsala, the most famous Italian fortified wine?

A

Between the late 18th and early 19th century, the British Royal Navy was stationed in the Mediterranean and the sailors became major consumers of Sicilian wine.

81
Q

Why did Italian government delimted the Marsala winegrowing area in 1931 well before the DOC introduction in 1960s?

A

Due lack of local grapes due to outbreak of phylloxera, several producers began to heavily adulterate and manipulate their “Marsala” wines resulting in mediocre quality and a loss of typicity

82
Q

Which four wine regions in Toscana, Cosimo III de’ Medici issed a bando (edict) to delimit the geographical boundaries of prestigeous winegrowing zones in 1716?

A
  1. Chianti
  2. Pomino
  3. Carmignano
  4. Val d’Arno di Sopra
83
Q

What island is the largest, most populated and most famous island of the Aeolian Island archipelago with the DOC appellation name?

A

Malvasia delle Lipari DOC (!)

84
Q

Which of the following tribes has not settled in Sicilia:

  • Phoenicians
  • Greeks
  • Romans
  • Goths
  • Byzantines
  • Lombards
  • Arabs
  • Normans
A

Lombards

85
Q

Before the Romans occupied Molise in the 3rd century, which tribe inhibited the land?

A

The Samnites

86
Q

Which ecosystem is said to be one of the most pristine and unspoiled natural environments in all of Italy?

A

Sardinian

87
Q

Which current wine producing district is said to be the home of ancient Falernum wine?

A

Area surrounding the massif of Massico. - Falerno del Massico in Campania.

88
Q

This wine town is one of Toscana’s most distinctive and best-preserved medieval hilltop towns.

The town’s “skyline” is characterized by many distinctive towers earning it a listing among UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites.

The town is also known for an historic white wine made from ancient native grape.

A

San Gimignano (Vernaccia di San Gimignano)

89
Q

Which four Tuscan cities are generally refered to as
“citta d’arte” (cities of art)?

A
  1. Firenze
  2. Siena
  3. Arezzo
  4. Pisa
90
Q

Before the Greeks settled in Puglia, which tribe inhabited Puglia?

A

Iapygian

91
Q

What is one of the most specutacular Etruscan relics made of the tufo in Orvieto?

A

A system of underground tunnels and caves carved out of the tufo beneath the city of Orvieto.

92
Q

Which five Tuscan wines have been made for centuries and attest to the region’s ancient and noble wine heritage?

A
  1. Chianti Classico
  2. Vino Noble di Montepulciano
  3. Camignano
  4. Chianti Rufina
  5. Pomino
93
Q

How were the wines of Umbria transported to Rome during the time of Roman occupation?

A

Via the Tevere River

94
Q

Which wine region is said to have the wines marked by characteristic nuances of Mediterranean scrub coupled with a salty-briny note that gives these wines a strong sense of place

A

Sardegna

95
Q

Which region is considered to be the birthplace of modern Italian language?

A

Toscana

The Italian laguage is based on the Floretine dialect from the 16th century onward.

96
Q

Which wine region continues to be one of Italy’s major rose producers as exemplified those from Salento)?

A

Puglia

97
Q

In the early 19th century, Sicilia was united to the southern part of Italy forming the Kingdom of Naples.

What was this Kingdom later renamed under Bourbon rule?

Then in 1860, Sicilia joined another kingdom in preparation for Italian unification in 1861. What was this kingdom’s name?

A
  • Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
  • Kingdom of Sardinia
98
Q

Pliny the Elder mentioned that this wine could catch fire if it approached a flame.

What wine was it?

A

Falernum Faustianum, considered to be the best among the three Falernum.

99
Q

What are three royal dynasties which ruled Sicilia?

A
  1. German Hohenstaufen
  2. French Angevin
  3. Spanish Bourbons
100
Q

After the fall of Roman Empire, which four groups of people competed to overtake Puglia until 10th century?

A
  1. Lombards
  2. Byzantines
  3. Franks
  4. Arabs (Saraceni in Italy)
101
Q

What event triggered the turning point for the Sicilian wine industry?

A

Phylloxera ravaged the vineyards of France and bulk wine market brought prosperity and considerable vineyard expansion.

Sicilian producers focused on the quantitative production of vino da taglio for the next hundred years.

Italian Wine Scholar - Unit 2 The Wines of Central & Southern Italy (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions