Sarcoids

Question 1

occult

Answer 1

flat
scaly
mild
slow growing 
hairless areas

Question 2

verrucous

Answer 2

wart-like
slow growing
easily spread
flaky
rough

Question 3

nodular

Answer 3

firm, round nodules under skin
armpit/thigh/eyelids
medium growth rate

Question 4

fibroblastic

Answer 4

aggressive
rapid growth
fleshy mass
bleed easily
confused with proud flesh

Question 5

mixed

Answer 5

any or all types

more aggressive as fibroblastic transformation occurs

Question 6

malignant

Answer 6

most infrequent form
aggressive and invasive
fascial planes and tissues

Question 7

what causes sarcoids?

Answer 7

breed
heritability
any type of wound
bovine papilloma virus

Question 8

How is bovine papilloma virus spread? (BPV)

Answer 8

fomites
insect vectors (biting and non-biting flies)

Question 9

How are sarcoids diagnosed?

Answer 9

clinical examination

biopsy- may be avoided in case tumour growth or tumour injury from wound

smears or skin scrapes

Question 10

Treatment of sarcoids

Answer 10

Bacillus calmette guerin vaccine (BCG): human TB injection

Injectable chemo drugs cysplatin, mitomycin
3-4x weekly intervals

cisplatin electrochemotherapy- cell permeability

topical chemo- aw5 cream

bloodrot- aptoptotic effects

Question 11

Surgical treatment

Answer 11

surgery ligation- place elastic rings over the sarcoid

surgical removal- easily accessible can be removed
wide margins 2-3cm removed
30-50% success rate
most reoccur within 6 months

cryosurgery- liquid nitrogen
high recurrence

lasersurgery- laser cuts into tissue
80% success rate

radiography- local radiation
iridium wires deliver radiation to tumour