Anthelmintics Flashcards
Ectoparasite
Live on host
Endoparasite
Live in host
Examples of ectoparasites
Mites
Fleas
Ticks
Dermatophytes (ringworm)
Diagnostic techniques for ectoparasites
Hair pluck- ringworm
hair brushings- fleas
tape strips- mites or lice
skin scrape- mite identification
Examples of endoparasites
small redworm bot flies large redworm large roundworm tapeworm
SMALL Redworm
most common endoparasite of horses
hibernate in the gut wall
only few wormers can kill this
larvae emerge from gut wall and damage this: colic, d+ result
Bot Flies
female flies lay eggs on the horses coat, so are passed from grooming themselves and others
larvae are swallowed when ingested and attach to gut
bots detach from the gut and are released in faeces can cause impaction
LARGE Redworm
most dangerous
larvae migrate through blood vessels to artery supplying the GI tract
blood clots or colic- death
LARGE roundworm
ingesting eggs from surroundings
eggs hatch in intestines and emerge as larvae in small intestine and move into veins
Tapeworm
between small and large intestines
attach to gut lining and eggs are released into pasture
pasture mites eat hatched eggs
horses eat mites and release larvae (adult tapeworm)
Faecal Worm Egg Counts
checking worms present under microscope
CANNOT Detect-
tapeworm
immature strongyles
Targeted treatment of wormy horses
reduces anthelmintic resistance
Ivermectin Wormer
large and small redworm pinworms large roundworms lungworms bot flies
8-10 week worming intervals
MAY/JULY/DECEMEBR
Praziquantel Wormer
effective against tapeworm
dosing 6-12 months
NO KNOWN RESISTANCE
Moxidectin Wormer
small and large redworm pinworm large roundworm threadworms stomach bots
13 week worming intervals
WINTER
Pyrantel Wormer
small and large redworms
large roundworm
pinworm
tapeworm at double dose
4-6 week intervals
every 4 weeks for foals 1-8 months
