Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pulmonology > Sarcoidosis > Flashcards

Sarcoidosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is sarcoidosis?

A

A systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the rule in order to diagnose a patient with sarcoidsosi?

A

Mutlisystem disorder that requires the involvement of => 2 or more organs for diagnosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a special finding that signals for sarcoidosis?

A

Presence of noncaseating granulomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the incidence of sarcoidosis?

A

High in north american black people
and northern european white

In black patients, women are more affected

people between 30-40 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the suspected etiology of sarcoidsis?

A

Unclear- but most likely caused by infectious or non-infectious environmental stimuli that triggers an inflammatory response in a genetically susceptible host.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the hallmark pathology of sarcoidosis?

A

noncaseating tissue granulomas are the hallmark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain what noncaseating granulomas are

A

Noncaseating= not necrotic

granulom= area of inflammation in tissue due to influx of granular leukocytes

they move into focal areas of tissues to due increased cytokine activity related to inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the clinical findings of sarcoidosis?

A

Systematic symptoms are BROAD.
Lungs being 95%
Dry cough with dyspnea
fatigue
fever
night sweats
weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What would you hear in the lungs of a sarcoidosis patient?

A

Crackles/rales on exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is lupus pernio?

A

blue-red or violaceous papules, nodules and plagues found on the nose, cheeks, ears and forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What skin changes would you see in a pt with sarcoidosis?

A

Lupus pernio
Erythema nodosum
Maculopapular trunk lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is erythema nodosum?

A

non-specific, transient, painful, tender nodules of subcutaneous fat, classically pretibial. They appear infectious- but are sterile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are maculopapular trunk lesions?

A

Purplish/hyper-pigmented papules found on the torso. Painless and often overlooked. They are sporadic and can cover larges areas of the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are eye symptoms you’d suspect in a patient with sarcoidosis?

A

Dry eyes keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Anterior uveitis
Iritis
Retinitis

Can progress to blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What would you find in the lymph nodes of a sarcoidosis patient?

A

Granulomatous infiltration of lymph nodes, and enlargement anywhere on the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What would you find in the liver of a sarcoidosis patient?

A

Granulomatous liver disease
Hepatomegaly
Hepatitis
Liver disease

17
Q

What would happen to bone marrow and spleen if a patient has sarcodiosis?

A

Bone marrow suppression
anemia
leukopenia
splenomegaly due to granulomatous infiltration
increased blood cell sequestration causing worsening anemia and leukopenia

18
Q

What is the calcium metabolism in a sarcoidosis patient?

A

Hypercalcemia

Granulomas produce 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D which increases absorption of calcium causing hyper calcemia
Suppresses PTH levels

19
Q

Is there a diagnosis test?

A

No, diagnosis is made based on hx, exam findings and laboratory findings

20
Q

What would you find in a sarcoidosis pt’s chest x ray?

A

Bilateral hilar adenopathy
Increased size of mediastinal lymph nodes

Diffuse reticular infiltrates, nodles and potential cavitary lesions

21
Q

What would you find a a sarcoidosis pt’s labs?

A

Leukopenia
Elevated ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Hypercalcemia
Low PTH

22
Q

What is the treatment for asymptomatic sarcoidosis?

A

The majority of asymptomatic patients do not require treatment.

23
Q

What are the indications for treatment of a patient with sarcoidosis?

A

Presence of symptoms- dyspnea
Multisystem involve => 3
Increasing chest radiographic opacities
Extrapulmonary dicrease involving skin, bone, or joints
African descent due to lower chances of rapid recovery

24
Q

What are the indications for treatment of a patient with sarcoidosis?

A

Presence of symptoms- dyspnea
Multisystem involve => 3
Increasing chest radiographic opacities
Extrapulmonary dicrease involving skin, bone, or joints
African descent due to lower chances of rapid recovery

25
Q

What are the choices of treatment for patients who have indicators?

A

Oral corticosteroids
Long term prednisone followed by taper
must be given for 3-6 months to be effective and may last as long as 1 year.

They improve the chest x ray findings and symptoms but do not change the disease.

26
Q

What is the 2nd line medication for sarcoidosis?

A

Immunosuppressive medication
Methotrexate, small trials show improvement

27
Q

What is the prognosis of sarcoidosis?

A

The risk of death or organ dysfunction is low
2/3 patients may resolve their disease within 2-5 years

Minority develop chronic disease that lasts for decades

Pulmonology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions