SAQ 5 Flashcards
Oral Cavity
Boundaries– Roof: Palate Floor: Tongue Lateral walls: Cheeks Anterior wall: Lips
Frenulum of upper/lower lip
a median fold of mucous membrane connecting the internal surface of upper lip to outer surface of upper gingiva. and same with lower lip
Frenulum linguae (of tongue)
a median fold of mucous membrane
connecting the inferior surface of the tongue to the floor of the mouth
Sublingual fold
a fold of mucous membrane over the sublingual salivary gland
Sublingual Papilla (caruncle)
a papillae on each side frenulum of tongue for
submandibular duct.
Duct of parotid gland
Opposite upper second molar
tooth
Sensory Supply to Lips & Cheeks
Derived from the maxillary
(V1) and mandibular (V2)
divisions of the trigeminal
nerve (C.N. V)
Cheeks–
Infraorbital n. (V2)
Zygomaticofacial n. (V2)
Buccal n. (V3)
Lips–
Infraorbital n. (V2) for upper lip
Mental n. (V3)–for lower lip
Permanent teeth
Incisors………………… (4/4)
Canines………………… (2/2)
Premolars…………….. (4/4)
Molars………………….. (6/6)
Deciduous teeth (milk or baby teeth)
- Incisors………………… (4/4)
- Canines………………… (2/2)
- Molars………………….. (4/4)
vasculature and innervation of teeth
Vasculature– Superior and inferior alveolar arteries –branches of the maxillary artery –Lymphatic vessels–mainly drain to the submandibular lymph nodes •Innervation –Superior alveolar nerves–from V2 –Inferior alveolar nerves–from V3
Hard Palate
anterior 2/3 of the palate is formed by the palatine processes of the maxillary bone and
the horizontal plates of the palatine bone
*Incisive fossa-the nasopalatine nerves pass through these canals
*Greater palatine foramen- medial to 3rd molar.greater palatine nerves and vessels
Soft Palate
has no bony skeleton but has an anterior aponeurotic part and has a posterior muscular part
* curved free margin from which hangs the
uvula
*Laterally, the soft palate is continuous with the wall of the pharynx and is joined to the tongue and pharynx by the palatoglossal
and palatopharyngeal arches
Fauces
the space between the oral cavity and the pharynx. Its boundaries are: –Superior: soft palate –Inferior: root of the tongue –Lateral: faucial pillars (arches)
Tensor veli palatini
O- Scaphoid fossa of medial pterygoid
plate, spine off sphenoid bone, & pharyngotympanic tube cartilage
I-Palatine aponeurosis
A-Tenses soft palate & opens auditory tube during swallowing & yawning
N-Medial pterygoid nerve (branch of V3) via otic ganglion
Levator veli palatini
O-Pharyngotympanic tube cartilage & petrous portion of temporal bone
I-Palatine aponeurosis
A-Elevates soft palate during swallowing & yawning
N-Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve via
pharyngeal plexus
Palatoglossus
O- Palatine aponeuroses I-Side of tongue A- Elevates posterior tongue & draws soft palate onto tongue N-Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
Palatopharyngeus
O-Hard palate & palatine aponeurosis I- Lateral wall of pharynx A- Tenses soft palate & pulls walls of pharynx superiorly, anteriorly, & medially during swallowing N-Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
Musculus uvulae
O-Posterior nasal spine & palatine aponeurosis I-Mucosa of uvula A-Shortens uvula & pulls it superiorly N-Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
Neurovascular Supply of Soft Palate
Arterial Supply–
Greater palatine– branch of the descending palatine artery
–Lesser palatine– smaller branch of descending palatine; anastomoses with the ascending palatine branch of the facial artery
•Venous Drainage– palatine veins drain into the pterygoid venous plexus
Innervation of soft palate
Innervation–
Sensory
•Greater palatine–supplies gingivae, mucous membranes, & glands of most of the hard palate
•Lesser palatine–supply the soft palate
•Nasopalatine- supplies the mucous membrane of the anterior part of the hard palate
Tongue
The tongue is a mobile muscular organ that can assume a variety of shapes and positions. It is partly in the oral cavity and partly in the oropharynx. •Functions: –Swallowing –Articulation –Mastication
Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue
- Genioglossus
- Hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Palatoglossus
Genioglossus
O-Mental spine of mandible
I-Dorsum of tongue & body of hyoid bone
Shape-Fan-shaped; main bulk of tongue
Hyoglossus
O-Body & greater horn of hyoid bone
I-Inferior aspect of lateral part of tongue
Shape- Thin, quadrilateral
Styloglossus
O-Styloid process; stylohyoid ligament
I-Sides of tongue posteriorly
Shape-Small, short, triangular
Palatoglossus
O-Palatine aponeurosis of soft palate
I- Enters posterolateral tongue transversely
blending with intrinsic muscles
Shape-Narrow, crescent-shaped
Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue
- Superior longitudinal
- Inferior longitudinal
- Transverse
- Vertical
Superior longitudinal
shape- Thin layer deep to mucous membrane of dorsum
action-Curls tongue longitudinally upward,
elevating apex and sides of tongue; shortens tongue
Inferior longitudinal
shape- Narrow band close to inferior surface
action-Curls tongue longitudinally downward, depressing apex; shortens
tongue
Transverse
shape-Deep to superior longitudinal muscle
action-Narrows & elongates tongue (protrudes) tongue
Vertical
shape-Fibers intersect transverse muscle
action-Flattens & broadens tongue
Salivary Glands
Primary salivary glands– Parotid Submandibular Sublingual •Accessory salivary glands– scattered over the palate, lips, cheeks, tonsils, and tongue
motor to the tongue
hypoglossal nerve
sensory to the tongue
anterior 2/3= lingual of V3 does general
chorda tympani (CN 7) special
posterior 1/3= glossopharyngeal (general and special)
internal laryngeal does small area towards very back of tongue
THE NASAL REGION
The nose is part of the respiratory system. It is divided into two nasal cavities separated by a nasal septum.
•Paranasal sinuses are air filled cavities within some of the skull bones which communicate with the nasal cavities.
•The functions of the nose includes:
–Olfaction
–Air conduction
–Air humidification
–Warming of air
–Filtration of dust
–Reception of secretions from the paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct
framework of the nose
The cartilaginous framework includes:
–Lateral nasal cartilage
–Septal cartilage
–Greater & lesser alar cartilages
•The bony framework includes:
–Nasal bone
–Frontal process of maxilla
–Nasal portion of the frontal bone
Nasal Cavities
The nasal cavity is entered through the nostrils and opens posteriorly into the
nasopharynx through the choanae
Inside the aperture of the nostril is a dilatation called the vestibule . It is lined by
skin which gives rise to stiff hairs called
vibrissae
Nasal Cavities
Boundaries Medial Wall
The medial wall (nasal septum) is formed by: –Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone –Crest of sphenoid bone –Vomer bone –Nasal crest of palatine bone –Nasal crest of maxilla –Nasal bone –Nasal spine of frontal bone –Septal cartilage
Nasal Cavities
Boundaries roof
The roof is formed by: –Body of the sphenoid bone –Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone –Frontal bone –Nasal bone
Nasal Cavities
Boundaries floor
The floor is formed by:
–Palatine process of maxilla
– Horizontal plate of palatine bone
Nasal Cavities
Boundaries Lateral wall
The lateral wall is formed by: –Nasal bone –Frontal process of maxilla –Superior and middle conchae of ethmoid –Inferior concha –Lacrimal bone – Perpendicular plate of palatine bone –Medial pterygoid plate
nasal conchae
The nasal conchae divide the nasal cavity into four passages:
–Sphenoethmoidal recess
–contains the opening of the sphenoidal sinus
–Superior meatus
–contains the openings of the posterior
ethmoidal air cells
–Middle meatus
–contains the ethmoidal bulla which has the openings for the middle ethmoidal air cells. Immediately below the bulla is a curved cleft called the hiatus semilunaris. It is continuous
anteriorly with the ethmoidal infundibulum
which leads to the frontal sinus through the
frontonasal duct.
–Inferior meatus
–contains the opening of the nasolacrimal duct
Vasculature of the Nose
Arterial supply is provided mainly through the branches of the maxillary and phthalmic arteries.
–Maxillary branches: sphenopalatine
& greater palatine
–Ophthalmic branches: anterior & posterior
ethmoidal arteries
•Septal artery
–is a branch of the superior labial of the facial artery.
•Kiesselbach’s plexus
– represents the anastomoses of branches of
the septal, sphenopalatine, and ethmoidal
arteries. It is located in the vestibule and is a common site of epistaxis
.
Innervation of the Nose
Special Sense: Olfactory nerves supply the olfactory mucosa.
•General Sense: Through the ophthalmic and
maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve.
–Anterior part of nasal cavity
– supplied by anterior ethmoidal branch of the nasociliary nerve.
–Posterior part
–supplied by nasal,nasopalatine, and palatine branches of the pterygopalatine
ganglion
Paranasal Sinuses
These are air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity into the following cranial bones: –Frontal –Ethmoid –Sphenoid –Maxilla •These are named according to the bones in which they are located
sinusitis
you have inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.
RHINOSCOPY
examination of the nose. you will have a nasal speculum and then a pen light to visualize the nasal cavity. when you take it out you leave it open because if u close it and then take it out you will pull the nose hairs.
above the superior conchae. so the sphenoid sinus drains directly into the sphenoethmoidal recess
. Know the drainage for the test
ADENOIDECTOMY.
behind the inferior meatus there is an opening for the auditory tube (part of the nasopharynx). structure above the auditory tube there is the tubal ridge or known as the torus tubarius. guarding the entrance of the auditory tube is a small elevation which is the tubal tonsil. another tonsil inferiorly is the laryngeal tonsil AKA as the adenoids. when the adenoids get enlarged it will block the posterior conchae so you wont be able to breathe through your nose you will breathe through your mouth. so you would have to remove this laryngeal tonsil.
Turbinates AKA
Turbinates is also known as conchae
kiesselbach’s plexus-
EPISTAXIS
in the anterior part is what is known as the kiesselbach’s plexus- frequent area for nose bleeding. EPISTAXIS= means nose bleeding. most common cause of nose bleeding is from nose picking.
the hiatus semilunaris contains-
FMAM-
- the openings to the frontal sinuses.
- contains openings for the Frontal sinus, Middle ethmoidal air cells, Anterior ethmoidal air cells, and Maxillary sinus,
DRAINAGE:
-Frontal sinus
- Anterior Ethmoidal air cells
- the Middle ethmoidal air cells
- Maxillary
- Sphenoid sinus
DRAINAGE:
-Frontal sinus drains into the anterior superior portion of the hiatus semilunaris
- Anterior Ethmoidal air cells drain into the middle portion of the hiatus semilunaris
- the Middle ethmoidal air cells drains in from the openings found in the ethmoidal bulla
- Maxillary drains into the opening at the inferior end of the hiatus semilunaris
- Sphenoid sinus drains directly into the sphenoethmoidal recess.
