SAQ 2 Flashcards
posterior triangle
creates: the occipital and supraclavicular triangles
boundaries:
anterior: SCM
posterior: traps
inferiorly: middle third of clavicle
contents:
subclavian, superficial cervical, suprascapular and occipital a.a.
-external jugular and subclavian vein
-brachial plexus, spinal accessory, branches of cervical plexus
axillary sheath
covers roots of brachial plexus, fascial sheath derived from the deep cervical fascia
anterior triangle
boundaries:
anterior: midline of the neck
posterior: anterior border of SCM
Superior: lower margin of mandible
divisions: digastric and omohyoid triangles
submental triangles
boundaries:
medial: midline of the neck
lateral: anterior belly of the digastric
inferior: body of hyoid bone
Contents:
lymph nodes, begining of anterior jugular vein
digastric triangle
boundaries:
medial: anterior belly of the digastric
Lateral: posterior belly of the digastric
Superior: lower border of the madible
contents: submmandibular gland, facial a.a. and vein, lymph nodes, hypoglossal nerve, mylohyoid nerve, carotid a.a., internal jugular vein, vagus nerve,stylohyoid,glossopharyngeal nerve, lower part of parotid gland
carotid triangle
Boundaries:
medial: superior belly of omohyoid
lateral: anterior border of SCM
superior: posterior belly of digastric
contents:
common carotid a.a., external carotid a.a., internal carotid a.a., internal jugular vein and tributaries, internal and external laryngeal nerves,CN 9,10,11, deep cervical lymph nodes
muscular triangle
boundaries:
medial: midline of the neck
inferior: anterior border of SCM
superior: superior belly of omohyoid
contents: sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyroid gland, larynx, trachea, esophagus, recurrent laryngeal nerve
floor of posterior triangle
floor:
prevertebral fascia, splenius capitis, levatoe scapulae, middle scalene, posterior scalene, anterior scalene (occasionally)
Pharyngeal arches (bars of mesenchymal tissue)
4th week of development
a typical pharyngeal arch consists of the following:
- an aortic arch: an a.a. arising from the truncus arteriosus (of primordial heart)
- a cartilaginous rod- skeleton of the arch
- muscular component- muscles of head and neck
- a nerve- supplies mucosa and muscles derived from arch
center of the face is formed by the
stomodeum
first pharyngeal arch
maxillary and mandibular prominances
Bones- malleus,incus,mandible,maxilla,zygomatic, part of the temporal bone
muscles: muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani
ligaments: anterior ligament of malleus, sphenomandibular ligament
nerve: mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
second pharyngeal arch
bones: stapes, styloid process, lesser horn and upper portion of body of hyoid
muscles: muscles of fascial expression, posterior digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius
nerve- facial nerve
third pharyngeal arch
bones: greater horn and lower portion of body of hyoid
cartilage; the epiglottis is derived from third and fourth pharyngeal arches
muscles: stylopharyngeus
nerve: glossopharyngeal nerve
fourth and sixth pharyngeal arch
nothing is derived from the fifth arch
cartilage: thyroid, cricoid, laryngeal
muscles: cricothyroid, levator veli palatini, pharyngeal constrictors, intrinsic muscles of the larynx, striated muscles of esophagus
nerve: superior laryngeal nerve; recurrent laryngeal nerve
1st pharyngeal pouch
forms tubotympanic recess
forms external auditory meatus
gives rise to the tympanic cavity and auditory tube
2nd pharyngeal pouch
gives rise to the palatine tonsil
3rd pharyngeal pouch
dorsal part- inferior parathyroid glands
ventral part- thymus
4th pharyngeal pouch
superior parathyroid gland
fifth pharyngeal pouch
ultimobranchial body- incorporated into the thyroid gland; gives rise to the parafollicular cells
what is the 1st endocrine gland to develop in the embryo?
thyroid gland
anterior 2/3 of tongue
1st pharyngeal arch and is innervated by CN 5- madibular division
posterior 1/2 of tongue
2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arches (CN 7- chorda tympani and CN 9- glossopharyngeal)
which of the following triangles contains the brachial plexus?
the posterior triangle
which of the following spinal nerves contribute to the formation of the cervical plexus?
c1-c4
what muscle gets its motor supply from the facial nerve?
stylohyoid (the facial nerve exits the stylomastoid foramen)
which muscle inserts itself in to the second rib?
posterior scalene (the anterior and middle scalenes insert on to 1st rib)
which muscle inserts in to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage?
Sternothyroid
which of the following nerves provides motor supply to most of the infrahyoid muscles?
ansa cervicalis
which of the following spinal nerves contribute to the brachial plexus?
c5-T1
what vein drains the external jugular vein
the external jugular vein drains into the subclavian vein
which of the following is a suprahyoid muscle?
stylohyoid
what muscle seperates the anterior from the posterior cervical triangles?
the SCM
the superior thyroid a.a. is a branch of the ______
the external carotid a.a. (the inferior thyroid a.a. is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk)
which structure lies medially to the thyroid gland?
the recurrent laryngeal nerve. (clinical signif. is that in surgical operations of the thyroid the recurrent laryngeal may cause aphonia (harshness or total voice loss))
what provides arterial supply to the trachea?
the trachea is supplied by a branch from each inferior thyroid a.a.
which thyroid vein drains in to the brachiocephalic vein?
inferior thyroid vein (the superior and middle thyroid vein drains in to the internal jugular vein)
what provides sensory supply to the trachea?
recurrent laryngeal nerve
the esophagus enters the abdomen through the diaphragm at the level of ____ to join the stomach?
T10
what is the normal number of parathyroid glands?
4- 2 superior and 2 inferior
carpopedal spasm is a clinical maifestation of
hypoparathyroidism
myexdema is a clinical condition resulting from ______ in adults
hypothyroidism
which artery provides blood to the cervical part of the esophagus
the inferior thyroid a.a.
