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Vedic Purohit Course > Sanskrit Revision > Flashcards

Sanskrit Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What is the meaning of the word “Sanskrit”?

A

Sanskrit” is derived from “Sam” (together) + “Kri” (do) + “Kt” (suffix), meaning “that which is pure” or “well-formed.

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2
Q

Who is credited with formalizing Sanskrit grammar?

A

Rishi Panini is credited with formalizing Sanskrit grammar.

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3
Q

Name three main texts associated with Sanskrit grammar.

A
  1. Varnocharan Shiksha 2. Ashtadhyayi 3. Mahabhashya
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4
Q

What are examples of “Akshar” (consonants)?

A

Examples of Akshar are “Ka,” “Kha,” and “Ga.”

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5
Q

What are examples of “Swar” (vowels)?

A

Examples of Swar are “A,” “Ā,” “I,” and “Ī.”

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6
Q

What are the six limbs (Vedanga) of the Vedas?

A
  1. Shiksha (Phonetics)
  2. Vyakarana (Grammar)
  3. Nirukta (Etymology) and Chandas (Meter)
  4. Jyotisha (Astrology)
  5. Kalpa (Ritual)
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7
Q

What is the meaning of “Akshar”?

A
  1. That which is omnipresent 2. That which is indestructible 3. That which is described in Pratyahara Sutras
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8
Q

How does the form of “Akshar” manifest?

A

It manifests through space (Akash) as the combination of empty space and air.

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9
Q

What are the types of vowels (“Swar”) in Sanskrit?

A
  • Hrasva Swar (Short Vowels): A, I, U, Ṛ - Dirgha Swar (Long Vowels): Ā, Ī, Ū, Ṝ - Pluta Swar (Prolonged Vowels): Ai, O, Au
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10
Q

What are the three tonal qualities of vowels?

A
  1. Udātta (High pitch) 2. Anudātta (Low pitch) 3. Svarita (Middle pitch)
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11
Q

What is the characteristic of “Vyanjan” (consonants)?

A

Consonants are sounds that cannot be pronounced without the aid of vowels.

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12
Q

How are the Vedas traditionally recited differently?

A
  • Rigveda: In a high pitch (Udātta), poetic in nature. - Samaveda: In a low pitch (Anudātta), musical in nature. - Yajurveda: In a middle pitch (Svarita), rhythmic in nature.
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13
Q

How are the following conjunct consonants formed?

A

Pra: Half “Pa” + “Ra” + “Ā”
Kṣa: Half “Ka” + Half “Śa” + “Ā”
Tra: Half “Ta” + Half “Ra” + “Ā” -
Jya: “Ja” + Half “Ya” + “Ā” -
Kri: Half “Ka” + “Ri”

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14
Q

What guidelines should a “Purohit” follow when reciting mantras?

A
  • Speak sweetly and clearly pronounce each distinct letter.
  • Ensure each word has a pleasant sound.
  • Pause appropriately where indicated. - Avoid unnecessary speech.
  • Speak with patience.
  • Do not speak with food in the mouth. - Convey separate ideas separately. - Speak without trembling. - Avoid speaking hurriedly.
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15
Q

What are the three persons (“Purush”) in Sanskrit grammar?

A
  1. Prathama Purush (Third Person): Saha (He), Sā (She), Te (They)
  2. Madhyama Purush (Second Person): Tvam (You), Yuvām (You two), Yūyam (You all)
  3. Uttama Purush (First Person): Aham (I), Āvām (We two), Vayam (We all)
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16
Q

What are the three (“Vachan”) in Sanskrit?

A
  1. Ekvachan: Singular 2. Dwivachan: Dual 3. Bahuvachan: Plural
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17
Q

What are the three genders (“Linga”) in Sanskrit?

A
  1. Pullinga: Masculine 2. Strilinga: Feminine 3. Napumsaka: Neuter
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18
Q

Conjugate the verb “पठ्” (Path, to read) in the third person.

A
  • Singular: सः पठति (Saha Pathati) - He reads -
    Dual: तौ पठतः (Tau Pathatah) - They two read
  • Plural: ते पठन्ति (Te Pathanti) - They all read
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19
Q

In Karmakanda, when is the action performed?

A

The action is performed after reciting the mantra, specifically after saying “Swaha.”

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20
Q

What are the forms of “Madhyama Purusha” in Sanskrit?

A
  • Singular: त्वम् (Tvam) - You - Dual: युवाम् (Yuvām) - You two - Plural: यूयम् (Yūyam) - You all
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21
Q

Conjugate the verb “पठ्” (Path, to read) in the second person.

A
  • Singular: त्वम् पठसि (Tvam Pathasi) - You read - Dual: युवाम् पठथः (Yuvām Pathathah) - You two read - Plural: यूयम् पठथ (Yūyam Pathatha) - You all read
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22
Q

Conjugate the verb “गम्” (Gam, to go) in both third and second persons.

A

Third Person: - Singular: सः गच्छति (Saha Gacchati) - He goes - Dual: तौ गच्छतः (Tau Gacchatah) - They two go - Plural: ते गच्छन्ति (Te Gacchanti) - They all go Second Person: - Singular: त्वम् गच्छसि (Tvam Gacchasi) - You go - Dual: युवाम् गच्छथः (Yuvām Gacchathah) - You two go - Plural: यूयम् गच्छथ (Yūyam Gacchatha) - You all go

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23
Q

What is “Āchaman” and its significance?

A

Āchaman” involves sipping water for self-purification and satisfaction of the soul; “Ā” means “properly,” and “Chaman” means “consuming.

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24
Q

Explain the mantra “Om Amrito Pastaranamasi Swaha.”

A
  • Om: Supreme Lord, Protector - Amrita: Immortal Supreme Being - Upastaranam: Bedding or spread - Asi: You are - Swaha: I affirm this - Apidhanam: Covering or blanket
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25
Q

Explain the mantra “Om Satyam Yashah Shrir Mayi Shrih Shrayatam Swaha.”

A
  • Om: Supreme Being, Protector - Satyam: Truth - Yashah: Fame - Shrīh: Prosperity or wealth - Mayi: In me - Shrayatam: May it reside - Swaha: I affirm this
26
Q

What are the forms of “Uttama Purusha” in Sanskrit?

A
  • Singular: अहम् (Aham) - I - Dual: आवाम् (Āvām) - We two - Plural: वयम् (Vayam) - We all
27
Q

Conjugate the verb “पठ्” (Path, to read) in the first person.

A
  • Singular: अहम् पठामि (Aham Pathāmi) - I read - Dual: आवाम् पठावः (Āvām Pathāvah) - We two read - Plural: वयम् पठामः (Vayam Pathāmah) - We all read
28
Q

Match the Sanskrit verbs to their Hindi meanings.

A
  • वद् (Vad): बोलना (To speak) - वस् (Vas): रहना (To stay) - भू (Bhū): होना (To be) - चल् (Chal): चलना (To walk) - गम् (Gam): जाना (To go) - आगम् (Āgam): आना (To come) - हस् (Has): हँसना (To laugh)
29
Q

Explain the Āchaman mantra “Om Vang Me Asyāstu.”

A

Om, may the power of speech reside in my mouth.

30
Q

Explain the Āchaman mantra “Om Arishtāni Angāni Tanu Tanvā Me Sahā Santu.”

A

Om, may all my limbs be free from disease; may my body grow strong.

31
Q

What are the symbolic meanings of the five fingers?

A
  • Thumb (Angushtha): Symbol of ignorance (Avidya) - Index Finger (Tarjani): Symbol of ego (Ahankara) - Middle Finger (Madhyama) & Ring Finger (Anamika): Represent the soul, which has no name - Little Finger (Kanishthika): The smallest, symbolizing humility
32
Q

Conjugate the verb “खाद्” (Khād, to eat) in all three persons.

A

Third Person: - Singular: सः खादति (Saha Khādati) - Dual: तौ खादतः (Tau Khādatah) - Plural: ते खादन्ति (Te Khādanti) Second Person: - Singular: त्वम् खादसि (Tvam Khādasi) - Dual: युवाम् खादथः (Yuvām Khādathah) - Plural: यूयम् खादथ (Yūyam Khādatha) First Person: - Singular: अहम् खादामि (Aham Khādāmi) - Dual: आवाम् खादावः (Āvām Khādāvah) - Plural: वयम् खादामः (Vayam Khādāmah)

33
Q

What is “Prathama Vibhakti” (Nominative Case) in Sanskrit?

A

It is used for the subject (Karta) of a sentence. For example: - Singular: रामः (Rāmaḥ) - Dual: रामौ (Rāmau) - Plural: रामाः (Rāmāḥ)

34
Q

Translate into Hindi: “रामः खेलति”

A

“राम खेलता है” (Ram plays)

35
Q

What is the deity (“Devata”) of a mantra?

A

The main subject or focus of a mantra; for example, in “Āpah” (waters), the deity is water, symbolizing the omnipresent God.

36
Q

What is “Sandhyā”?

A

Sandhyā is the preparation for spiritual meditation or worship.

37
Q

What is “Dvitīyā Vibhakti” (Accusative Case) in Sanskrit?

A

It is used for the object (Karma) of a sentence. For example: - Singular: रामम् (Rāmam) - Dual: रामौ (Rāmau) - Plural: रामान् (Rāmān)

38
Q

Translate into Sanskrit: “बालक विद्यालय जाता है।”

A

“बालकः विद्यालयं गच्छति।” (Bālakaḥ Vidyālayaṁ Gacchati.)

39
Q

What is “Aghamarṣaṇa”?

A

It is the resolve to stay away from sins and the commitment not to commit them.

40
Q

What is “Tṛtīyā Vibhakti” (Instrumental Case) in Sanskrit?

A

It denotes the means or instrument (Karan) by which the action is performed, often translated as “with” or “by.” For example: - Singular: रामेण (Rāmeṇa) - Dual: रामाभ्याम् (Rāmābhyām) - Plural: रामैः (Rāmaiḥ)

41
Q

Provide an example using “Tṛtīyā Vibhakti.”

A

“बालकः जनकेन सह गच्छति।” (The boy goes with his father.)

42
Q

What is “Caturthī Vibhakti” (Dative Case) in Sanskrit?

A

It indicates the recipient (Sampradān) of something, often translated as “to” or “for.” For example: - Singular: रामाय (Rāmāya) - Dual: रामाभ्याम् (Rāmābhyām) - Plural: रामेभ्यः (Rāmebhyaḥ)

43
Q

Translate into Sanskrit: “मैं राम को गेंद देता हूँ।”

A

“अहं रामाय कन्दुकं यच्छामि।” (Ahaṁ Rāmāya Kandukaṁ Yacchāmi.)

44
Q

How many sections (“Kāṇḍas”) are there in the Atharvaveda?

A

There are 20 Kāṇḍas in the Atharvaveda.

45
Q

How many chapters (“Adhyāyas”) are in the Yajurveda?

A

There are 40 Adhyāyas in the Yajurveda.

46
Q

How many books (“Maṇḍalas”) are in the Rigveda?

A

There are 10 Maṇḍalas in the Rigveda.

47
Q

How many parts (“Bhāgas”) are in the Sāmaveda?

A

There are 3 Bhāgas in the Sāmaveda.

48
Q

What are the types of materials used in a Vedic fire ritual (“Havan”)?

A
  1. Fragrant Items: Sandalwood, cardamom, nutmeg, palāśa 2. Nourishing Items: Pulses, ghee, milk 3. Sweet Items: Jaggery, sugar, dates, raisins 4. Medicinal Herbs: Giloy, basil leaves
49
Q

What is “Mantra Viniyoga”?

A

It is the correct application or usage of a mantra.
किस मंत्र को कहां करना।
मंत्र के देवता का ज्ञान। (what is the subject matter)

50
Q

What is “Upasthānam”?

A

It is the act of approaching or being near to God.

51
Q

What does “Jātavedāḥ” mean?

A

It refers to the Supreme Being who knows all.

52
Q

Translate into Sanskrit: “मैं बालक को मोदक देता हूँ।”

A

“अहं बालकाय मोदकं यच्छामि।” (Ahaṁ Bālakāya Modakaṁ Yacchāmi.)

53
Q

Translate into Sanskrit: “मैं बालक को देखता हूँ।”

A

“अहं बालकं पश्यामि।” (Ahaṁ Bālakaṁ Paśyāmi.)

54
Q

Translate into Sanskrit: “मैं बालक के साथ जाता हूँ।”

A

“अहं बालकेन गच्छामि।” (Ahaṁ Bālakena Gacchāmi.)

55
Q

Explain the terms related to Sandhyā Vidhī.

A
  • Āchaman: Sipping water for self-purification - Aghamarṣaṇa: Dispelling sins - Manasa Parikrama: Mentally circumambulating in all directions - Upasthānam: Sitting close to the Supreme Being - Namaskāra: Bowing before the Supreme Being
56
Q

Define the following terms from Sandhyā Vidhī.

A
  • Ṛtam: Eternal truth - Ajāyata: Was born or originated - Dhātā: The sustainer - Prācī: The eastern direction - Iṣavaḥ: Protectors or arrows
57
Q

Translate into Sanskrit: “राजा शिष्यों के साथ ब्राह्मणों को अनार देता है।”

A

“नृपः शिष्यैः सह ब्राह्मणेभ्यः दाडिमं यच्छति।” (Nṛpaḥ Śiṣyaiḥ Saha Brāhmaṇebhyaḥ Dāḍimaṁ Yacchati.)

58
Q

Translate into Sanskrit: “शिष्य आचार्य को वस्त्र देता है।”

A

“शिष्यः आचार्याय वस्त्रं यच्छति।” (Śiṣyaḥ Ācāryāya Vastraṁ Yacchati.)

59
Q

Translate into Sanskrit: “राम गाँव जाता है।”

A

“रामः ग्रामं गच्छति।” (Rāmaḥ Grāmaṁ Gacchati.)

60
Q

Translate into Sanskrit: “राम पिता के साथ गाँव जाता है।”

A

“रामः जनकेन ग्रामं गच्छति।” (Rāmaḥ Janakena Grāmaṁ Gacchati.)

61
Q

Translate into Sanskrit: “मैं आचार्य को नमस्कार करता हूँ।”

A

“अहं आचार्यं नमामि।” (Ahaṁ Ācāryaṁ Namāmi.)

62
Q

Translate into Sanskrit: “राम गाँव से महल जाता है।”

A

“रामः ग्रामात् प्रासादं गच्छति।” (Rāmaḥ Grāmāt Prāsādaṁ Gacchati.)

Vedic Purohit Course (5 decks)

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