SANS VII Flashcards
general
A 28 year-old healthy woman who delivered her second child 10 days ago presents with new onset headache. lethargy. and confusion. She has no focal deficits. A non-contrast head CT Is obtained and shown below. What is the most appropriate definitive treatment for this patient?
A Endovascular embolization
B Recombinant activated Factor VII
C Intravenous heparin infusion
D craniotomy for hematoma evacuation
E. Observation only

(C)
a 47 year old woman presented with a frost seizure and underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with multi voxel spectroscopy. The spectroscopy shown in figure 1 is MOST consistent with what diagnosis :
A. bacterial abcess
B. Glial Neoplasm
C. Toxoplasmosis
D. Demyelinating Plaque
E. Meningioma

(B)
A 48 year-old man with a right middle cerebral artery distribution infarction. Despite aggressive medical and endovascular therapy, the artery remains occluded. Two days later he has a decline in mental status. His head CT is shown. What is the most likely explanation for the patient’s new neurological deterioration?
A. Occlusive Hyperemia B. Reperfusion syndrome
C. Hemorrhagic conversion
D. Cerebral Edema
E. Normal perfusion pressure breakthrough

(?)
The appropriate maintenance rate for IV fluid in a 2 week old child is: A. 4 ml/kg/hr B. 10 ml/kg/hr C. 2 ml/kg/hr D. 20 ml/kg/hr E. 1 ml/kg/hr
(?)
What factor MOST indicates the need for enhanced screening for coronary ischemia prior to general anesthesia for a neurosurgical procedure: A. male sex B. orthostatic intolerance C. age > 60 years D. surgical urgency E. neoplastic disease
(?)
A patient presenting for resection of a small parietal meningioma has a preoperative INR of 1.5. What is the likellh<5% D. 75%E. 95%
(?)
During the creation of a burr hole for a deep brain stimulator, an awake, sedated patient develops the sudden onset of coughing, hypotension, and hypoxia. The clinical presentation suggest which of the following complications: A. Intracranial hemorrhage B. Aspiration pneumonia C. Air embolism D. Tension pneumocephalus
(C)
In a Nationwide lnpatient Sample, the most common cause of perioperative visual loss (POVL) In 465,345 patients undergolng spinal fusion was: A Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy B Corneal abrasion C Cortical blindness D Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy E. Retinal vascular occlusion
(C)
In a 2009 study of 5.6 million patients who underwent the principal procedures of knee arthroplasty, cholecystostomy, hip/femur surgical treatment, spinal fusion, appendectomy, colorectal resection, laminectomy without fusion, coronary artery bypass grafting, and cardiac valve procedures from 1996 to 2005, cardiac and spinal fusion surgery had the highest rates of POVL. The national estimate in cardiac surgery was 8.64/10000. The American society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class is designed to estimate what parameter: A. Patient physical status B. Age maximum of surgery C. Tolerable blood loss D. Surgical risk E. Operative mortality
(?)
The use of Intensive Insulin therapy to reduce blood glucose In critically Ill patients with aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage has teen associated with an increase In the Incidence of what complication? A. Myocardial ischemia and Infarction B. Hypoglycemic episodes C. All-cause in-hospit31 mortality D. seizures E. Surgical site infection
(?)
What is the BEST estimate of blood volume in a thirteen month old child weighing 10 kilograms? A. 700 ml B. 1000 ml C. 800 ml D 9OOml E. 600 ml
(?)
What is the maximal reduction in the cerebral metabolic requirement for oxygen (CMR02) achievable exclusively through the use of high-dose barbiturates? A. 50% B. 25% C.15% D. 75% E. 90%
(?)
What is the most concerning side effect or dexmedetomidine Infusion In ICU patients? A. Inhibition or the locus ceruleus B. Bradycardia c Systolic hypertension D. Respiratory depression E. Intracranial hypertension
(?)
Which anesthetic agent is least likely to precipitate EEG evidence or seizure activity? A Lidocaine B. Isoflurane C. Enflurane D. Propofol E. Sevoflurane
(?)
A 23 year old woman with complex partial seizures was Initially treated with phenytoin, then switched to carbamazepine, and is currently on levetiracetam after failing the first two therapies. After a seizure-free period of six months upon starting levetiracetam, she now has recurrence of 2-3 seizures/month. What is the most appropriate next step in her management? A. Evaluation for vagus nerve stimulation. B. Add-on therapy with oxcarbazepine. C. Switch to therapy with oxcarbazepine. D Evaluation for resective epilepsy surgery
(D)
A 32 yr old male with intractable seizures and a normal MRI scan undergoes a non Invasive evaluation. Based on scalp EEG and seu:ure semiology, he had subdural electrodes placed and seizures were localized to the left language dommant supplementary motor area Following surgical resectioo the patient will MOST likely exhibit : A. Temporary paresis on the left. B. Left inferior quadrantopsia C. Temporary Mutism D. Anosmia and Finger agnosia
(C)
Patients with subcortical band heterotopia are characterized by: A. Male predominance. B. Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. C. Infantile spasms. D. X-linked migrational disorder
(D)
The MOST common clinical feature of medial temporal lobe seizures is: A. Visual aura. B. Ictal Oral Automatism C. Ictal bicycling movements D. Ipsilateral dystonic posturing
(B)
West’s syndrome is BEST characterized by which of the following seizure type : A. Primary and secondarily generalized B. Generalized tonic clonic C. Complex partial D. Infantile Spasm E. Atonic
(D)
West’s syndrome is best characterized by which of the following seizure type : A. Primary and secondarily generalized B. Generalized tonic clonic C. Complex partial D. Infantile Spasm E. Atonic
(D)
Which of the following structures is BEST described as lateral to the hippocampal complex (hippocampus, subiculum and parahippocampal gyrus)? A. Brain stem. B. Ambient cistern. C. Posterior cerebral artery. D. Fusiform gyrus E. Occulomotor nerve
(D)
A 27 year old male construction worker had the on set of new head aches. which began suddenIy while doing heavy lifting at work. He was seen at a local emergency room shortly after his symptoms began. Neurological examination. head CT and spinal fluid were said to be normal. Now he returns to the ER with persistent headaches and a left abducens palsy. The remainder of the neurological examination is normal. An MRI with gadolinium is shown. Spinal fluid has 95 lymphocytes. CSF protein is slightly elevated but the glucose is normal. The MOST likely diagnosis is:
A. Carcinomatous meningitis
B. spontaneous intracranial hypotension
C. Hypertrophic interstitial pachymeningitis
D. sarcoidosis
E. Lymphoma

(?)
A 29-year-old man comes to the emergency department after awakening that morning with deep, boring pain in the right ear and sagging of the right side of his face. Examination shows normal sensation in the affected area and there are no lesions on the pinna. Hearing is normal but he complains of increased sensitivity to sound in the right ear. A MR scan shows enhancement of the right facial nerve in the petrous bone. A photograph of him attempting to smile is shown. The MOST appropriate initial therapy should be: A. Oral prednison B. Oral Levaquin C. Observation only D. Oral acyclovir E. Surgical decompression of the right facial nerve
(?)
A 34 year old male who is 8 years post liver transplantation is seen in the emergency department complaining of blurred vision. He has visual hallucinations. He has no paresis but there is bilateral asterixes. His pupils and optic discs are normal. He is hypertensive. He has a grand mal seizure. His MRI scan is shown. Which of the following is the mOST likely diagnosis: A. Lymphoma B. Diffuse glioma C. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy D. Progressive multifocalleukoencephalopathy E. Ammonia intoxication with secondary cerebral edema
(?)