SANGAM AGE

Question 1

THERE EXISTED THREE SANGAMS (ACADEMY OF TAMIL POETS) IN ANCIENT TAMIL NADU POPULARLY CALLED?

Answer 1

MUCHCHANGAM.

Question 2

SANGAMS FLOURISHED UNDER THE ROYAL PATRONAGE OF?

Answer 2

PANDYAS.

Question 3

FIRST SANGAM?

Answer 3

1. HELD AT MADURAI.
2. NO LITERARY WORK OF THIS SANGAM IS AVAILABLE.

Question 4

SECOND SANGAN?

Answer 4

1. HELD AT KAPADAPURAM.
2. ALL LITERARY WORKS PERISHED EXCEPT TOLKAPPIYAM.

Question 5

THIRD SANGAM?
AND IT WAS FOUNDED BY?

Answer 5

1. HELD AT MADURAI.
2. FOUNDED BY MUDATHIRUMARAN.
3. VOLUMINOUS LITERATURE PRODUCED BUT ONLY A FEW HAD SURVIVED.

Question 6

TOLKAPPIYAM INCLUDES?

Answer 6

1. EIGHTEEN GREATER TEXTS- ETTUTOGAI, PATTUPPATTU.
2. EIGHTEEN LESSER TEXTS- PATHINENKILKANAKKU.
3. TWO EPICS- SILAPPATHIGARAM AND MANIMEGALAI.

Question 7

TOLKAPPIYAM AUTHORED BY ______ IS THE EASIEST OF THE TAMIL LITERATURE.

Answer 7

TOLKAPPIYAR.
IT IS A WORK ON TAMIL GRAMMAR BUT IT PROVIDES INFORMATION ON THE POLITICAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE SANGAM PERIOD.

Question 8

ETTUTOGAI CONSISTS OF?

Answer 8

ETTUTOGAI OR EIGHT ANTHOLOGIES CONSIST OF 8 WORKS.
1. AINGURUNOORU
2. NARRINAI
3. AGANAOORU
4. PURANANOORU
5. KURUNTOGAI
6. KALITTOGAI
7. PARIPADAL
8. PADIRRUPPATTU

Question 9

PATTUPPATTU CONSISTS OF?

Answer 9

PATTUPPATTU OR TEN IDYLLS CONSIST OF TEN WORKS.
1. THIRUMURUGARRUPPADAI
2. PORUNARARRUPPADAI
3. SIRUPANARRUPPADAI
4. PERUMPANARRUPADAI
5. MULLAIPPATTU
6. NEDUNALVADAI
7. MADURAIKKANJI
8. KURINJIPPATTU
9. PATTINAPPALAI
10. MALAIPADUKADAM

Question 10

BOTH ETTUTOGAI AND PATTUPPATTU WERE DIVIDED INTO TWO MAIN GROUPS, THAT IS?

Answer 10

1. AHAM (LOVE)
2. PURAM (VALOUR).

Question 11

PATHINENKILKANAKKU CONTAINS____ WORKS MOSTLY DEALING WITH_________.

Answer 11

18 WORKS, ETHICS AND MORALS.

Question 12

TIRUKKURAL IS AUTHORED BY?

Answer 12

THIRUVALLUVAR.

Question 13

GAJABHAHU 2 OF SRI LANKA AND CHERAN SENGUTTUVAN OF THE CHERA DYNASTY WERE CONTEMPORARIES.
THIS IS CONFIRMED BY?

Answer 13

SILAPPATHIGARAM AS WELL AS THE DIPAVAMSA AND MAHAVAMSA.

Question 14

CHERAS. THEIR CAPITAL WAS VANJI AND THEIR IMPORTANT SEAPORTS WERE TONDI AND MUSIRI.
THEY HAD THE ________ FLOWERS AS THEIR GARLAND.

Answer 14

PALMYRA FLOWERS.

Question 15

INSCRIPTIONS AND TEXT THAT PROVIDES INFORMATION ABOUT CHERAS?

Answer 15

1. THE PUGALUR INSCRIPTION.
2. PADIRRUPPATTU.

Question 16

WHO INTRODUCED THE PATTINI CULT OR THE WORSHIP OF THE KANNAGI AS THE IDEAL WIFE IN TAMIL NADU?

Answer 16

CHERAN SENGUTTUVAN.
THE STONE FOR MAKING THE IDOL OF KANNAGI WAS BROUGHT BY HIM AFTER HIS HIMALAYAN EXPEDITION.
THE CONSECRATION CEREMONY WAS ATTENDED BY MANY PRINCES INCLUDING GAJABHAGU 2 FROM SRI LANKA.

Question 17

CAPITAL OF CHOLAS OF SANGAM PERIOD?

Answer 17

THEIR CAPITAL WAS FIRST LOCATED AT URAIYAR AND THEN SHIFTED TO PUHAR.

Question 18

PATTINAPPALAI PORTRAYS LIFE AND MILITARY CONQUESTS OF WHICH RULER?

Answer 18

KARIKALA- SANGAM CHOLAS.

Question 19

BATTLE OF VENNI?

Answer 19

SANGAM CHOLA, KARIKALA DEFEATED THE MIGHTY CONFEDERACY CONSISTING OF THE CHERAS, PANDYAS AND ELEVEN MINOR CHIEFTAINS.

Question 20

BATTLE OF VAHAIPPARANDALAI?

Answer 20

FOUGHT BY KARIKALA IN WHICH HE DEFEATED NINE ENEMY CHIEFTAINS SUBMITTED BEFORE HIM.

Question 21

DAM BUILT BY KARIKALA OF CHOLA DYNASTY?

Answer 21

KALLANI ACROSS THE RIVER KAVERI.

Question 22

WHICH KING WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EXECUTION OF KOVALAN FOR WHICH KANNAGI BURNT MADURAI?

Answer 22

ARYAPPADAI KADANTHA NEDUNCHELIYANS (ONE WHO WON VICTORIES OVER THE ARYAN FORCES).

Question 23

MADURAIKKANJI IS WRITTEN BY?

Answer 23

MANGUDI MARUTHANAR. IT DESCRIBES THE SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE PANDYA COUNTRY INCLUDING THE FLOURISHING SEAPORT OF KORKAI.

Question 24

THE PANDYAN RULE DURING THE SANGAM AGE BEGAN TO DECLINE DUE TO THE INVASION OF THE?

Answer 24

KALABHRAS.

Question 25

FORM OF GOVERNMENT DURING SANGAM PERIOD AND COUNCILS?

Answer 25

HEREDITARY MONARCHY FORM OF GOVERNMENT. THE KING ALSO TAKES ADVICE FROM MINISTER, COURT POET AND THE IMPERIAL COURT OR *AVAI*. THERE WERE FIVE COUNCILS 1. **AMAICHAR**- MINISTERS 2. **ANTHANAR**- PRIESTS 3. **SENAPATHI**- MILITARY COMMANDERS 4. **THUTHAR**- ENVOYS 5. **ORRAR**- SPIES

Question 26

EACH SANGAM RULER HAD A REGULAR ARMY AND THEIR RESPECTIVE *KODIMARAM*. TERM KODIMARAM MEANS?

Answer 26

TUTELARY TREE.

Question 27

FIVE FOLD DIVISIONS OF LAND AS PER TOLKAPPIYAM? THEIR CHIEFT DEITY AND CHIEF OCCUPATIONS?

Answer 27

1. *KURINJI*- HILLY TRACKS, CHIEF DEITY- MURUGAN, CHIEF OCCUPATION-HUNTING AND HONEY COLLECTION. 2. *MULLAI*- PASTORAL, CHIEF DEITY- MAYON (VISHNU), CHIEF OCCUPATION- CATTLE REARING AND DEALING WITH DAIRY PRODUCTS. 3. *MARUDAM*- AGRICULTURAL, CHIEF DEITY- INDIRA, OCCUPATION- AGRICULTURE. 4. *NEYDAL*- COASTAL, DEITY- VARUNAN, OCCUPATION- FISHING AND SALT MANUFACTURING 5. *PALAI*- DESERT, DEITY- KORRAVAI, OCCUPATION- ROBBERY.

Question 28

CASTE SYSTEM AS PER TOLKAPPIYAM?

Answer 28

1. *ARASAR*- RULING CLASS 2. *ANTHANAR*- PLAYED SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN SANGAM POLITY AND RELIGION 3. *VANIGARS*- CARRIED TRADE AND COMMERCE 4. *VELLALAR*- AGRICULTURISTS. TRIBAL GROUPS LIKE PARATHAVAR, PANAR, EYINAR, KADAMBAR, MARAVAR AND PULAIYAR WERE ALSO FOUND. ANCIENT PRIMITIVE TRIBES LIKE THODAS, IRULAS, NAGAS AND VEDARS LIVED IN THIS PERIOD.

Question 29

PRIMARY DEITY OF SANGAM PERIOD?

Answer 29

SEYON OR MURUGAN, WHO IS HAILED AS TAMIL GOD.

Question 30

TERM *ARUPADAI VEEDU* FROM SANGAM PERIOD MEANS?

Answer 30

TAMIL DEITY MURUGAN WAS HONOURED WITH **6 ABODES** KNOWN AS ARUPADAI VEEDU.

Question 31

GODS OTHER THAN MURUGAN WORSHIPPED DURING SANGAM PERIOD?

Answer 31

1. MAYON (VISHNU) 2. VENDAN (INDIRAN) 3. VARUNAN 4. KORRAVAI HERO STONE OR NADU KAL WORSHIP WAS SIGNIFICANT IN THE SANGAM PERIOD.

Question 32

WOMEN POETS FROM SANGAM PERIOD?

Answer 32

1. AVVAIYAR 2. NACHCHELLAIYAR 3. KAKKAIPADINIYAR

Question 33

TERM *KARPU* FROM SANGAM AGE MEANS?

Answer 33

KARPU OR CHASTE LIFE WAS CONSIDERED THE HIGHEST VIRTUE OF WOMEN.

Question 34

POSITION OF WOMEN IN SANGAM AGE?

Answer 34

1. LOVE MARRIAGE WAS COMMON. 2. WOMEN ALLOWED TO CHOOSE LIFE PARTNERS. 3. LIFE OF WIDOWS WAS MISERABLE. 4. SATI WAS PREVALENT IN THE HIGHER STRATA OF SOCIETY.

Question 35

SINGING BARDS OF SANGAM AGE?

Answer 35

PANAR AND VIRALIYAR.

Question 36

IN SANGAM AGE DANCING WAS PERFORMED BY _______ AND _________ WAS THE MOST POPULAR ENTERTAINMENT OF THE PEOPLE.

Answer 36

KANIGAIYAR, KOOTHU.

Question 37

FAMOUS CROPS OF SANGAM AGE?

Answer 37

RICE WAS COMMON CROP. JACK FRUIT AND PEPPER WERE FAMOUS IN THE CHERA COUNTRY. PADDY WAS THE CHIEF CROP IN THE CHOLA AND PANDYA COUNTRY.

Question 38

PORT CITIES OF SANGAM AGE?

Answer 38

1. TONDI 2. MUSIRI 3. KORKAI 4. ARIKKAMEDU 5. MARAKKANAM