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TAMIL NADU BOARD (ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL) HISTORY > SANGAM AGE > Flashcards

SANGAM AGE Flashcards

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1
Q

THERE EXISTED THREE SANGAMS (ACADEMY OF TAMIL POETS) IN ANCIENT TAMIL NADU POPULARLY CALLED?

A

MUCHCHANGAM.

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2
Q

SANGAMS FLOURISHED UNDER THE ROYAL PATRONAGE OF?

A

PANDYAS.

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3
Q

FIRST SANGAM?

A
  1. HELD AT MADURAI.
  2. NO LITERARY WORK OF THIS SANGAM IS AVAILABLE.
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4
Q

SECOND SANGAN?

A
  1. HELD AT KAPADAPURAM.
  2. ALL LITERARY WORKS PERISHED EXCEPT TOLKAPPIYAM.
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5
Q

THIRD SANGAM?
AND IT WAS FOUNDED BY?

A
  1. HELD AT MADURAI.
  2. FOUNDED BY MUDATHIRUMARAN.
  3. VOLUMINOUS LITERATURE PRODUCED BUT ONLY A FEW HAD SURVIVED.
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6
Q

TOLKAPPIYAM INCLUDES?

A
  1. EIGHTEEN GREATER TEXTS- ETTUTOGAI, PATTUPPATTU.
  2. EIGHTEEN LESSER TEXTS- PATHINENKILKANAKKU.
  3. TWO EPICS- SILAPPATHIGARAM AND MANIMEGALAI.
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7
Q

TOLKAPPIYAM AUTHORED BY ______ IS THE EASIEST OF THE TAMIL LITERATURE.

A

TOLKAPPIYAR.
IT IS A WORK ON TAMIL GRAMMAR BUT IT PROVIDES INFORMATION ON THE POLITICAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE SANGAM PERIOD.

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8
Q

ETTUTOGAI CONSISTS OF?

A

ETTUTOGAI OR EIGHT ANTHOLOGIES CONSIST OF 8 WORKS.
1. AINGURUNOORU
2. NARRINAI
3. AGANAOORU
4. PURANANOORU
5. KURUNTOGAI
6. KALITTOGAI
7. PARIPADAL
8. PADIRRUPPATTU

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9
Q

PATTUPPATTU CONSISTS OF?

A

PATTUPPATTU OR TEN IDYLLS CONSIST OF TEN WORKS.
1. THIRUMURUGARRUPPADAI
2. PORUNARARRUPPADAI
3. SIRUPANARRUPPADAI
4. PERUMPANARRUPADAI
5. MULLAIPPATTU
6. NEDUNALVADAI
7. MADURAIKKANJI
8. KURINJIPPATTU
9. PATTINAPPALAI
10. MALAIPADUKADAM

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10
Q

BOTH ETTUTOGAI AND PATTUPPATTU WERE DIVIDED INTO TWO MAIN GROUPS, THAT IS?

A
  1. AHAM (LOVE)
  2. PURAM (VALOUR).
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11
Q

PATHINENKILKANAKKU CONTAINS____ WORKS MOSTLY DEALING WITH_________.

A

18 WORKS, ETHICS AND MORALS.

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12
Q

TIRUKKURAL IS AUTHORED BY?

A

THIRUVALLUVAR.

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13
Q

GAJABHAHU 2 OF SRI LANKA AND CHERAN SENGUTTUVAN OF THE CHERA DYNASTY WERE CONTEMPORARIES.
THIS IS CONFIRMED BY?

A

SILAPPATHIGARAM AS WELL AS THE DIPAVAMSA AND MAHAVAMSA.

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14
Q

CHERAS. THEIR CAPITAL WAS VANJI AND THEIR IMPORTANT SEAPORTS WERE TONDI AND MUSIRI.
THEY HAD THE ________ FLOWERS AS THEIR GARLAND.

A

PALMYRA FLOWERS.

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15
Q

INSCRIPTIONS AND TEXT THAT PROVIDES INFORMATION ABOUT CHERAS?

A
  1. THE PUGALUR INSCRIPTION.
  2. PADIRRUPPATTU.
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16
Q

WHO INTRODUCED THE PATTINI CULT OR THE WORSHIP OF THE KANNAGI AS THE IDEAL WIFE IN TAMIL NADU?

A

CHERAN SENGUTTUVAN.
THE STONE FOR MAKING THE IDOL OF KANNAGI WAS BROUGHT BY HIM AFTER HIS HIMALAYAN EXPEDITION.
THE CONSECRATION CEREMONY WAS ATTENDED BY MANY PRINCES INCLUDING GAJABHAGU 2 FROM SRI LANKA.

17
Q

CAPITAL OF CHOLAS OF SANGAM PERIOD?

A

THEIR CAPITAL WAS FIRST LOCATED AT URAIYAR AND THEN SHIFTED TO PUHAR.

18
Q

PATTINAPPALAI PORTRAYS LIFE AND MILITARY CONQUESTS OF WHICH RULER?

A

KARIKALA- SANGAM CHOLAS.

19
Q

BATTLE OF VENNI?

A

SANGAM CHOLA, KARIKALA DEFEATED THE MIGHTY CONFEDERACY CONSISTING OF THE CHERAS, PANDYAS AND ELEVEN MINOR CHIEFTAINS.

20
Q

BATTLE OF VAHAIPPARANDALAI?

A

FOUGHT BY KARIKALA IN WHICH HE DEFEATED NINE ENEMY CHIEFTAINS SUBMITTED BEFORE HIM.

21
Q

DAM BUILT BY KARIKALA OF CHOLA DYNASTY?

A

KALLANI ACROSS THE RIVER KAVERI.

22
Q

WHICH KING WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EXECUTION OF KOVALAN FOR WHICH KANNAGI BURNT MADURAI?

A

ARYAPPADAI KADANTHA NEDUNCHELIYANS (ONE WHO WON VICTORIES OVER THE ARYAN FORCES).

23
Q

MADURAIKKANJI IS WRITTEN BY?

A

MANGUDI MARUTHANAR. IT DESCRIBES THE SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE PANDYA COUNTRY INCLUDING THE FLOURISHING SEAPORT OF KORKAI.

24
Q

THE PANDYAN RULE DURING THE SANGAM AGE BEGAN TO DECLINE DUE TO THE INVASION OF THE?

A

KALABHRAS.

25
Q

FORM OF GOVERNMENT DURING SANGAM PERIOD AND COUNCILS?

A

HEREDITARY MONARCHY FORM OF GOVERNMENT.
THE KING ALSO TAKES ADVICE FROM MINISTER, COURT POET AND THE IMPERIAL COURT OR AVAI.
THERE WERE FIVE COUNCILS
1. AMAICHAR- MINISTERS
2. ANTHANAR- PRIESTS
3. SENAPATHI- MILITARY COMMANDERS
4. THUTHAR- ENVOYS
5. ORRAR- SPIES

26
Q

EACH SANGAM RULER HAD A REGULAR ARMY AND THEIR RESPECTIVE KODIMARAM.
TERM KODIMARAM MEANS?

A

TUTELARY TREE.

27
Q

FIVE FOLD DIVISIONS OF LAND AS PER TOLKAPPIYAM?
THEIR CHIEFT DEITY AND CHIEF OCCUPATIONS?

A
  1. KURINJI- HILLY TRACKS, CHIEF DEITY- MURUGAN, CHIEF OCCUPATION-HUNTING AND HONEY COLLECTION.
  2. MULLAI- PASTORAL, CHIEF DEITY- MAYON (VISHNU), CHIEF OCCUPATION- CATTLE REARING AND DEALING WITH DAIRY PRODUCTS.
  3. MARUDAM- AGRICULTURAL, CHIEF DEITY- INDIRA, OCCUPATION- AGRICULTURE.
  4. NEYDAL- COASTAL, DEITY- VARUNAN, OCCUPATION- FISHING AND SALT MANUFACTURING
  5. PALAI- DESERT, DEITY- KORRAVAI, OCCUPATION- ROBBERY.
28
Q

CASTE SYSTEM AS PER TOLKAPPIYAM?

A
  1. ARASAR- RULING CLASS
  2. ANTHANAR- PLAYED SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN SANGAM POLITY AND RELIGION
  3. VANIGARS- CARRIED TRADE AND COMMERCE
  4. VELLALAR- AGRICULTURISTS.
    TRIBAL GROUPS LIKE PARATHAVAR, PANAR, EYINAR, KADAMBAR, MARAVAR AND PULAIYAR WERE ALSO FOUND.
    ANCIENT PRIMITIVE TRIBES LIKE THODAS, IRULAS, NAGAS AND VEDARS LIVED IN THIS PERIOD.
29
Q

PRIMARY DEITY OF SANGAM PERIOD?

A

SEYON OR MURUGAN, WHO IS HAILED AS TAMIL GOD.

30
Q

TERM ARUPADAI VEEDU FROM SANGAM PERIOD MEANS?

A

TAMIL DEITY MURUGAN WAS HONOURED WITH 6 ABODES KNOWN AS ARUPADAI VEEDU.

31
Q

GODS OTHER THAN MURUGAN WORSHIPPED DURING SANGAM PERIOD?

A
  1. MAYON (VISHNU)
  2. VENDAN (INDIRAN)
  3. VARUNAN
  4. KORRAVAI
    HERO STONE OR NADU KAL WORSHIP WAS SIGNIFICANT IN THE SANGAM PERIOD.
32
Q

WOMEN POETS FROM SANGAM PERIOD?

A
  1. AVVAIYAR
  2. NACHCHELLAIYAR
  3. KAKKAIPADINIYAR
33
Q

TERM KARPU FROM SANGAM AGE MEANS?

A

KARPU OR CHASTE LIFE WAS CONSIDERED THE HIGHEST VIRTUE OF WOMEN.

34
Q

POSITION OF WOMEN IN SANGAM AGE?

A
  1. LOVE MARRIAGE WAS COMMON.
  2. WOMEN ALLOWED TO CHOOSE LIFE PARTNERS.
  3. LIFE OF WIDOWS WAS MISERABLE.
  4. SATI WAS PREVALENT IN THE HIGHER STRATA OF SOCIETY.
35
Q

SINGING BARDS OF SANGAM AGE?

A

PANAR AND VIRALIYAR.

36
Q

IN SANGAM AGE DANCING WAS PERFORMED BY _______ AND _________ WAS THE MOST POPULAR ENTERTAINMENT OF THE PEOPLE.

A

KANIGAIYAR, KOOTHU.

37
Q

FAMOUS CROPS OF SANGAM AGE?

A

RICE WAS COMMON CROP.
JACK FRUIT AND PEPPER WERE FAMOUS IN THE CHERA COUNTRY.
PADDY WAS THE CHIEF CROP IN THE CHOLA AND PANDYA COUNTRY.

38
Q

PORT CITIES OF SANGAM AGE?

A
  1. TONDI
  2. MUSIRI
  3. KORKAI
  4. ARIKKAMEDU
  5. MARAKKANAM

TAMIL NADU BOARD (ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL) HISTORY (23 decks)

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