Sanctuaries and Architecture Flashcards
What is a sanctuary?
Space used to commune with the gods
Compare the differences between panhellic and local sanctuaries (3) (2)
- Panhellenic: venue for elites to interact outside sphere of local politics, legitimize political decisions in time of crisis by appealing to deity, center for political, athletic, and dramatic competition
- Local: maintained by polis, often placed at center or on a summit
What are the components of a sanctuary? (10)
- Temenos
- Altar
- Temple and cult statue
- Stoas
- Fountain houses
- Treasury
- Dining halls and dormitories
- Gymnasia
- Athletic and theatrical arenas
- Sacred animals
Explain Doric Order (5)
- Popular on mainland
- Emerged in late 7th cent. BCE
- Evolved from wooden in 625-575 BCE
- Column contains a drum, fluting (concaved grooves), and entasis (thicc to smol girth)
- Masculine
Explain Ionic Order (6)
- Developed in Ionia
- Popular in Asia Minor and Greek islands
- Column style likely used first as base for votive statuary
- Clender column and always on a base
- Volute: scrolls or spirals
- Feminine
List and explain the general plan of a Greek temple (6)
- Stereobate: stepping platform
- Stylobate: floor columnbs are on
- Opisthodomos: back porch
- Pronas: front porch
- Colonnade/peristyle: patio/roof
- Naos/Cella: central hallway that has statue
Describe altars in temples (4)
- Commonly situated east of the temple
- Animal sacrifices
- Sacrifical meals
- Phiale: a wide shallow bowl with a knob in the center used for pouring labations of wine, milk, or honey
Explain votive offerings (6)
- Gifts for gods in hopes of divine grace or as thanks for receiving a blessing
- Greek religion centered around reciprocity
- Displayed inside and outside temples
- Votive pits and wells
- Treasuries
- Moved around sanctuary as decoration
Explain monumental offerings (3)
- Bronze or stone sculpture
- Carved relief plauqes
- Armour and weapons
Explain modest offerings (5)
- Small scale votive offerings were like manufactured and purchased on site
- Pottery
- Terracotta or bornze figurines
- Garlands
- Fruit or first harvest
Explain Delphi (5)
- Built on Mount Parnassus
- Panhellenic sanctuary open to all
- Pythian Games held every 4 years to honour Apollo
- Omphalos: naval of the world
Describe the Temple of Apollo (6)
- Archaic 6th cent. BCE temple destroyed by earthquake/fire in 373 BCE
- Retaining wall: polygonal masonry
- Doric order
- Delphic maxims inscribed on inside walls
Identification (6)
Oracle of Delphi
* Panhellenic oracle
* Pythia: mouthpiece for Apollo, frenzied prophetic replies transcribed by priests
* Only available one day of the month, would inhale gases
- Shows Aegeus before the Pythia
- Red-figure kylix
- 440 BCE, found in Vulci, Italy
Identification (5)
Athenian Treasury
* Built out of marble after defeating Persion army in Battle of Marathon
* Found in Delphi, from 490 BCE
* Doric style columns
* S & E sides depict Theseus
* N & W sides depit Herakles
Explain Olympia (7)
- Region of Elis on Peloponnese
- Occupied in Early Bronze Age, religious activity resumes in Iron Age
- Panhellenic sanctuary
- Central deity: Zeus
- Oracle is consulted for military matters, would interpret the flames on ash altar
Identification (4)
East Pediment of the Temple of Zeus
* From 5th cent. BCE in Olympia
* Made of Marble
* Depicts chariot race between Pelops and King Oinamos
* Centre figure is Zeus
Identification (5)
Statue of Zeus
* From 430s BCE in Olympia
* Made of Chryselephantine by Pheidas
* One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
* Colossal statue of seated Zeus holding Nike
* Now lost
