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Sociology > Sampling Methofd > Flashcards

Sampling Methofd Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Research population

A

The group of people the researcher wants to study.

They CANNOT study everyone so they have to select a sample.

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2
Q

Sample

A

A small group of people who represents the target population and who are studied

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3
Q

The sample must be:

A

REPRESENTATIVE of the target population

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4
Q

Sampling frame

A

The list of all members of the research population.

E.G a school list of all the names of the pupils/ staff, electoral roll

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5
Q

Benefits of having a representative sample

A

You can generalise the result of your study to the wider population

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6
Q

Probability sampling

A

The selection of a sample from a population
Each person in the sampling frame has an equal chance of being selected
Done when a sample frame IS available

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7
Q

EXAMPLES of probability sampling

A

Random sampling
Systematic sampling
Stratified sampling

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8
Q

Non- probability sampling

A

The method which not all members of the population have an equal chance of participating in the study
Done when a sampling frame is NOT available

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9
Q

Random sampling

A

Every member of the target population has an equal chance of being chosen

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10
Q

How to do RANDOM SAMPLING

A
  1. you need a sampling frame
  2. all the names on the list are assigned a number
  3. Sample is selected randomly - computer-based randomiser/ names out of a hat
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11
Q

Systematic sampling

A

When a researcher selects every nth person on the sampling frame to be a part of the sample

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12
Q

How to carry out SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING

A
  1. Obtain a sampling frame
  2. Nth number is selected by dividing the target population size by the desired sample size
  3. Most representative samples from this method are achieved when the sampling frame list is randomised.
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13
Q

Stratified sampling

A

The sampling frame is divided into various social groups (e.g age, gender, ethnicity etc) .
Then random sampling is used for each group to ensure the FINAL SAMPLE reflects the population in terms of representativeness

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14
Q

How to do STRATIFIED SAMPLING

A
  1. obtain a sampling frame
  2. Divide the sampling frame into social groups
  3. Randomly select the number of participants from each strata (group) to make it representative of the larger group
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15
Q

Probability sampling ADVANTAGES

A

No bias - more objective.
Every person in the target population has an equal chance of being selected
MORE LIKELY to be representative

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16
Q

Probability sampling DISADVANTAGES

A

Impractical: MORE time and effort- you need to obtain sampling frame, identify the sample, contact the people (SOME PARTICIPANTS MAY NOT WISH TO TAKE PART)
Not completely representative: unbiased selection does not guarantee an unbiased sample
— random selection may generate an all female sampling, making sample unrepresentative, therefore not generalisable

17
Q

Opportunity sampling

A

A technique that involves recruiting anyone who happens to be unavailable at the time of your study.

18
Q

How to carry out OPPORTUNITY Sampling

A

The researcher will go somewhere where they are likely to find their target population and ask people to take part.

19
Q

Opportunity sampling ADVANTAGES

A

Simple
Quick and easy
Cheap as you are only using the first participants you find.

20
Q

Opportunity sampling DISADVANTAGES

A

Unrepresentative: the sample is likely to be biased by excluding certain types of participants which mean they cannot confidentially generalise
E.g sample collected middle of day/ week not include students.

21
Q

Volunteer sampling

A

When people actively volunteer to be in a study by responding to advertisement by researcher (SELF-SELECTING)

Researcher then may select those suitable for the study

22
Q

How to carry out VOLUNTEER sampling

A

Participants self-select by responding to an advert

23
Q

Volunteer sampling ADVANTAGES

A

Convenient and economical way to collect participants

Can reach a WIDE AUDIENCE, especially online

24
Q

Volunteer sampling DISADVANTAGES

A

Sample bias - people with higher levels motivation/ more time may be harder to generalise.

25
Q

Snowball sampling

A

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26
Q

Snowball sampling ad

A

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27
Q

Snowball sampling dis

A

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28
Q

Quota sampling

A

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29
Q

Quota sampling ad

A

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30
Q

Quota sampling disadvantages

A

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Sociology (40 decks)

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