Sampling

Question 1

Target population

Answer 1

Group of people being studied

Question 2

Sample

Answer 2

Group of people from tp being studied

Question 3

Sampling bias

Answer 3

When the sample does not reflect the characteristics of the tp and thus cannot be generalised

Question 4

4 main types of sampling

Answer 4

• random sampling
• stratified sampling
• volunteer sampling
• opportunity sampling

Question 5

Random sampling

Answer 5

Every member if tp has equal chance of being selected

Question 6

Example of random sampling

Answer 6

Pulling names out of a hat

Question 7

Pros of random sampling

Answer 7

• best chance of unbiased representative sample
• data more likely to be considered generalisable

Question 8

Cons of random sampling

Answer 8

• time consuming to create a list of every individual in the tp
• a representative sample is not guaranteed ( chance that some sub groups may be over represented)

Question 9

Volunteer sampling

Answer 9

Individuals who have chosen to be involved in a study

Question 10

Example of volunteer sampling

Answer 10

People who responded to an advert for participants

Question 11

Pros of volunteer sampling

Answer 11

• relatively convenient
• ethical if it leads to informed consent
• minimal effort from researchers in recruiting

Question 12

Con of volunteer sampling

Answer 12

• unrepresentative as it mayead to bias on the part of participants

I.e - a day time tv afvert would not attract full time workers

Question 13

Opportunity sample

Answer 13

Selecting people available at the time

Question 14

Example of opportunity sampling

Answer 14

Going up to people in a cafe and asking them to participate

Question 15

Pro of opportunity sampling

Answer 15

• quick and convenient
• economical ( low cost)
• saves time abd effort

Question 16

Con of opportunity sampling

Answer 16

Unrepresentative samples and often biased by the researcher