sampling✅ Flashcards
what are the 5 types of sampling methods?
1- random 2- volunteer 3- opportunity 4- systematic 5- stratified
what does target population mean?
what does sample mean?
what is generalisation?
what does bias mean?
the group the researcher wants to study
a small selected group from the population
the sample drawn from the population should be representative so it can be generalisable to the wider population
when something becomes unfair therefore unreliable
1- random sampling;
what is it?
how does It work?
all members of the population have equal chance of getting selected
like names put into a hat and selected at random
AO3 - random sampling:
✅3 strengths
❌ 3 weaknesses
✅free from researcher bias
✅researcher has no influence over who is selected
✅ fair and equal
❌representation not garuenteed - a biased sample still could be produced
❌ ppl selected may not want to ppt
❌time consuming
2- volunteer sampling
what is it?
how do ppl know about it ?
self selected so ppts volunteer to take part
advertisement
AO3- volunteer sampling:
✅2 strengths
❌2 weaknesses
✅ convenient, saves time and money
✅ppl have selected themselves so they will put effort in
❌bias- only attracts those who enjoy psychology
❌ ppts may share traits eg curiosity, enjoyment
3- opportunity sampling:
what is it?
how may you find ppts?
asking willing and available ppl
out in public spaces eg shopping centre
AO3- opportunity
✅ 2 strengths
❌ 2 weaknesses
✅quick convenient method
✅saves time and money
❌unfair sample, researcher has complete control
❌there all from a specific area so results aren’t generalisable
4- systematic sampling:
what is it ?
what does it use?
every nth person is selected from the sampling system eg every 3rd person on the register
a sampling frame
AO3- systematic:
✅ 2 strengths
❌2 weaknesses
✅fairly representative and objective method
✅no researcher bias
❌difficult and time consuming method
❌a complete list of the population is needed and this isn’t always accessible
5 - stratified sampling:
how are ppts selected?
what groups does it aim to represent?
according to their frequency in the target population
aims to represent the sub- group in a realistic way eg gender
AO3 - stratified;
✅ 2 strengths
❌2 weaknesses
✅representative method , characteristics of target pop identified … inclusive
✅higher generalisibility the other methods
❌ stratification isn’t perfect
❌ differences in sub- groups aren’t always considered
