sample test 2

Question 1

what is specificity?

Answer 1

the focused effort of excersise ina certain way. Said principle: specific adaptation to imposed demands.

Question 2

Define individual difference

Answer 2

the taking into account the genetic make up, exercise history, fiber type ratio, motivation level, and anatomical physics of the body

Question 3

define reversibility

Answer 3

a major decrease in strength and aerobic capacity are apparent after 2 weeks w/out exercise, and a major decrease in anaerobic capacity after 3 weeks w/out exercise

Question 4

discuss the concept of periodization

Answer 4

the gradual cycling of specificity, intensity, volumn, duration, or frequency to acheive a specific goal

Question 5

what is polymerization?

Answer 5

the joining of singular molecules into long chains similar to beads on a necklace.

Question 6

what is a monomer?

Answer 6

the individual molecule substance.

Question 7

the key sugars are

Answer 7

galactose, fructose, glucose

Question 8

what is the all or none theory?

Answer 8

when a myofiber is innervated by a cell it contracts totally or not at all

Question 9

how could you determine maximum HR and training HR when designing a cardiovascular workout for a client?

Answer 9

VO2 max test: 220-agex%=THR
220-age-RHRx%+RHR=THR
(karvonen)
or 220-agex%x1.15=THR

Question 10

Janda suggested there is a group of postural muscles involved static tasks such as standing or sitting that have a tendency to become overactive. the muscles are referred to as ?

Answer 10

tonic musculature

Question 11

what major role does potassium play in the body?

Answer 11

production of energy, muscle contraction, beating of the heart, synthesis of protein, nerve tranquilization, kidney function

Question 12

what is Rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 12

an autoimmune process resulting in inflammation of the synovial fluid contained in the burs sacks of the joint surfaces

Question 13

what should a trainer pay attention to when working with a pregnant client in her first trimester?

Answer 13

HR, core temperature, and making sure the client is not exercised to exhaustion

Question 14

how often should a pregnant woman consume water when exercising? how much water should be consume in an hour long session?

Answer 14

at least every 10 minutes. 16-32 ounces during 1 hour session

Question 15

what muscle flexes the elbow joint?

Answer 15

biceps brachii, brachioradialis, brachialis

Question 16

name the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff

Answer 16

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

Question 17

what is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis major?

Answer 17

medial half of the clavicle, the sternum, the costal cartilages of the upper 6 ribs and the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 18

what do the trunk muscles consist of?

Answer 18

back extensors that bend the trunk backwards, lateral flexors that bend it sideways, and anterior abdominals that bend it forward

Question 19

what is the starting position for the back extension machine?

Answer 19

seated in ideal alignment w/ arms crossed. line up hip joind with axis of machine

Question 20

what are the mechanical points of the reverse crunch?

Answer 20

do not throw the legs, placing arms above head will help with balance, do not move legs past the point of full abdominal contraction as this strains the neck

Question 21

what is the risk/benefit of the butt blaster machine?

Answer 21

risk: body weight plus resistance is resting on 1 knee, really tough to stabalize spine, room in hip extension beyond neutral=10-30 degrees, limited range to work the glutes. benefits:minimal gluteus stimulation

Question 22

define the term volumn

Answer 22

volumn can be measured by the total amount of work performed in a training session. this can be measured by the amount of reps completed or total amount of weight lifted. this can be measured by each set, workout, day, week, month ect.

Question 23

define the term intensity

Answer 23

is a measure of ones applied strength relative to their current level of maximum strength. intensity is most easily represented as a % of ones repetition maximum

Question 24

how much time under tension is needed to receive an aerobic/muscular endurance training effect?

Answer 24

greater then 70 seconds

Question 25

what are 2 purposes of fitness testing?

Answer 25

to provide information that is helpful in prescribing exercise program. educating participants about physical fitness and individual fitness status.

Question 26

what are 2 reasons an accurate resting HR measurement is important?

Answer 26

it is used for the calculation of exercise THR, exercise test and perscription. it provides baseline information for comparison as cardiovascular fitness levels improve

Question 27

what is upper cross syndrome?

Answer 27

forward head posture, muscles short and facilitated: neck extensors, upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis major and minor. muscles enlongated and inhibited: deep neck flexors, lower and middle trapezius, rhomboids, serratus anterior and rectus abdominis

Question 28

upper cross syndrome is characterized by

Answer 28

short cervical extensors, and pectortoralis major. long rhomboids, mid trapezius, and cervical flexors

Question 29

explain the differenc between using free weights and selectorized equipment

Answer 29

free weights are functional, real life, easy to transport, and require technique. machines require less technique, and less stabalization from the user because of guided path of motion and outside support mechanisms or the machine, more weight may be lifted, however machines may not fit everyone

Question 30

what are the concerns to be aware of when using free weights?

Answer 30

awkwardness, potential danger to the body from lack of control: skill needed momentum.

Question 31

what are the signs of hypoglycemia?

Answer 31

excessive hunger, dizziness, weakness