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MLSCI 466 > Sample preparation and NPS > Flashcards

Sample preparation and NPS Flashcards

1
Q

What tests do not need to be extracted

A

immunoassay and direct injection techniques

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2
Q

what is sample extraction

A

removal of drug from a biological and dissolved in a solvent for mass spec

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3
Q

what is dilute and shoot and what do we use to test

A

liquid speciment + solvent + internal standard = liquid chromatography

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4
Q

What are cons with homogenization

A

heat labile analytes affected
contamination of specimens

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5
Q

what techniques involve homogenization

A

L/L extraction
solid phase extration

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6
Q

what is protein precipitation

A

separate protein solution to eliminate interferences

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7
Q

what chemical is used for protein precipitation

A

zinc sulfate, perchloric acid, ammmouniom sulfate and HCL and ORGANIC SOLVENTS

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8
Q

what is the purpose of internal standard for protein precipitation

A

account for drug recovery

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9
Q

what is liquid liquid extration

A

solutes transferring from aqueous to orgnic phase or vise versa

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10
Q

what does LLE rely on

A

parition coefficient bt orgnaic and aquieous phases

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11
Q

buffering / pH adjusted causes what for LLE

A

selectivity in the extration

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12
Q

what is the equation for partition coefficient and what does it mean

A

octanol/water

high# = lipophillic
low# = hydrophillic

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13
Q

what are amphoteric drusg

A

contains both acidic and basic fxnal groups

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14
Q

what does Solid phase extraction use

A

SPE uses a stationary phase where liquid flows inside of

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15
Q

how is separation done in SPE

A

physical and chemical properties of drug that bind due to electrostatic interations

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16
Q

what is the goal of SPE

A

high rention on the sorbent while low retention of interfering compounds

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17
Q

what is the process for SPE

A
  1. condition column = wet for uniform flow
  2. load sample
  3. wash - remove interference
  4. elute - removes interest analyte
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18
Q

what does solid phase microextration use

A

SPME uses solvent free sample prep and a coated fiber for volatile samples

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19
Q

which sorptive surface is larger, SPME or SPE

A

SPE

20
Q

what samples can be ran for SPE and SPME

A

SPE - liquid

SPME - gas, liquid, semi solid

21
Q

T/F SPME time of exposure is proportional to cencentration of analyte

A

T

22
Q

What analysis is performed on SPME equilibrated samples

A

GC or LC (mass spec)

23
Q

what is a problem with glucuronic acid and drugs

A

glucuronic acid is polar = make drugs more water soluble (renal excretion)

24
Q

how does glucuronide affect liquid chromatography

A

highly polar = cannot be retained during separation = hinders quantitative ability

25
Q

what is an enzyme to hydrolyze glucuronide bonds and what are the disadvantages

A

beta glucuronidase - costly and limited shelf life

26
Q

what factors affect hydrolyiss

A

time
temp
pH
concentration

27
Q

how is chemical hydrolysis done

A

harsh acid or base at high temperatures

28
Q

what is derivatization and what are its benefits

A

chemical modification to produce a new compound that is more volatile, stable, and detectable

29
Q

what molecule does derivatization target

A

replaces an active hydrogen with a functional group

30
Q

examples of silylation (Si) compounds

A

MSTFA and BSTFA

31
Q

T/F Acylation is reactive towards carboxylic acids

A

F

32
Q

What can urine drug tests NOT tell us about (limitations)

A

How much or when the drug was taken

33
Q

What is the quantification and ID methods for novel psychoactive substaces

A

quan = LCQQQMS
ID = LC QTOF MS

34
Q

What is HRMS

A

High res mass spec creates surveillance library = rapid ID to new substances

35
Q

what is a limitation of HRMS

A

increase false pos chances because of similar structures

36
Q

what is considered as a zombie drug (CNS depressant) and what is it made of

A

Tranq-dope (fent+xylazine)

37
Q

what receptor does Tranq-dope affect

A

A2 agonist

38
Q

Does nalaxone work for tranq-dope OD?

A

No - works on fent but not xylaxine

39
Q

What NPS is seen most in USA and Canada

A

USA- tranq dope
Canada - Benzodope (Bromazolam)**

40
Q

what is common in the structure of benzodopes and what is the function

A

Fluorine or bromines - increases exposure and toxiciity

41
Q

What symptom is specific to Benzodope OD and can naloxone fix it

A

Withdrawls create seizures

naloxone does NOT work

42
Q

What is the upcoming extremely potent opiate

A

Nitazenes

43
Q

what symptoms are seen in pFF OD and will naloxone work

A

pinpoint pupils

Naloxone will work

44
Q

What is another name of pink cocaine and why is it claled that

A

tusi - finding 2C-B compound

45
Q

why is pink cocaine dangerous

A

every batch is different = different mix of drugs dyed pink

MLSCI 466 (8 decks)

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