Psychiatry and Water

Question 1

What is a psychiatric disorder

Answer 1

constellation of symptoms that cause impairment in function or daily life WITHOUT substances

Question 2

what are lab tests used for psychiatry (2)

Answer 2

1. rule out medical causes that mimic psychiatrics
2. monitor side effects of meds

Question 3

What is diagnosis for depression

Answer 3

5 symptoms
>2 week duration
no medical causes

Question 4

cause of depression

Answer 4

low serotonin = monoamine hypothesis

Question 5

treatment of depresssion

Answer 5

selective serotonin inhibitors = first line medication

Question 6

Diagnosis of schizophrenia

Answer 6

2 symptoms
impaired in different areas
>1 month acute and 6 month continuous

Question 7

cause of schizophrenia

Answer 7

dopamine hypothesis = too much dopamine in subcortical areas and not enough in cortical

Question 8

Treatment for schizophrenia

Answer 8

1. haloperidol (dopamine antagonist)
2. quetiapine or clozapine (antipsychotic medication)

Question 9

How do we monitor agranulocytosis and heart conditioons for Clozapine treatment

Answer 9

CBC (pay attention to wbc count)
Troponin and CRP

Question 10

what drug can cause agranulocytosis and heart problems

Answer 10

clozapine

Question 11

Bipolar diagnosis

Answer 11

Mania with one week of symptoms

Question 12

Treatment for bipolar disorder

Answer 12

1. lithium
2. Divalproex sodium

Question 13

what do we order to monitor when Lithium is used to treat

Answer 13

cardiac effects and renal side effects = ECG and creatinine

Question 14

what do we order to monitor when Divalproex sodium is used to treat

Answer 14

liver function and CBC for low plts

Question 15

Substance abuse diagnosis

Answer 15

> 2 symptoms in a year

Question 16

causes of addiction/substance abuse

Answer 16

increase dopamine

Question 17

treatment for alcohol abuse

Answer 17

naltrexone

Question 18

What test is used to monitor for substances (3)

Answer 18

Urine tox screen
pulmonary function test
liver function test

Question 19

process of water filtration in edmonton

Answer 19

1. Activated carbon for adsorption
2. primary polymer for clarification
3. chlorination
4. filter polymer for filtration
5. UV disinfection
6. ammonia (needed for safe water) and fluoride

Question 20

what are disinfection byproducts (DBPs)

Answer 20

unintentionally formed when disinfectants react with contaminants in water

Question 21

How is water anaylzed

Answer 21

1. sample preparation
2. HPLC
3. mass spec - LC MS/MS
4. data analyst

Question 22

T/F all DBPs in water have been identified

Answer 22

F - only 30% has been identified

Question 23

DBP most to least potent processes

Answer 23

iodinated (strongest) > brominated > chlorinated

Question 24

what are the challenges in water treatment

Answer 24

1. changes to source water
2. changing chemical treatment practicies
3. distribution system

Question 25

T/F - carbon DBPs are more toxic than nitrogen DBPs

Answer 25

F - N DBPs are more toxic

Question 26

what is the dangers of switching from chlorine to chloramine disinfectant

Answer 26

chloramination can form nitrosamines like NDMA = cancerous

Question 27

what is the cause of smell during spring runoff

Answer 27

amino acids in the water