Psychiatry and Water Flashcards
What is a psychiatric disorder
constellation of symptoms that cause impairment in function or daily life WITHOUT substances
what are lab tests used for psychiatry (2)
- rule out medical causes that mimic psychiatrics
- monitor side effects of meds
What is diagnosis for depression
5 symptoms
>2 week duration
no medical causes
cause of depression
low serotonin = monoamine hypothesis
treatment of depresssion
selective serotonin inhibitors = first line medication
Diagnosis of schizophrenia
2 symptoms
impaired in different areas
>1 month acute and 6 month continuous
cause of schizophrenia
dopamine hypothesis = too much dopamine in subcortical areas and not enough in cortical
Treatment for schizophrenia
- haloperidol (dopamine antagonist)
- quetiapine or clozapine (antipsychotic medication)
How do we monitor agranulocytosis and heart conditioons for Clozapine treatment
CBC (pay attention to wbc count)
Troponin and CRP
what drug can cause agranulocytosis and heart problems
clozapine
Bipolar diagnosis
Mania with one week of symptoms
Treatment for bipolar disorder
- lithium
- Divalproex sodium
what do we order to monitor when Lithium is used to treat
cardiac effects and renal side effects = ECG and creatinine
what do we order to monitor when Divalproex sodium is used to treat
liver function and CBC for low plts
Substance abuse diagnosis
> 2 symptoms in a year
causes of addiction/substance abuse
increase dopamine
treatment for alcohol abuse
naltrexone
What test is used to monitor for substances (3)
Urine tox screen
pulmonary function test
liver function test
process of water filtration in edmonton
- Activated carbon for adsorption
- primary polymer for clarification
- chlorination
- filter polymer for filtration
- UV disinfection
- ammonia (needed for safe water) and fluoride
what are disinfection byproducts (DBPs)
unintentionally formed when disinfectants react with contaminants in water
How is water anaylzed
- sample preparation
- HPLC
- mass spec - LC MS/MS
- data analyst
T/F all DBPs in water have been identified
F - only 30% has been identified
DBP most to least potent processes
iodinated (strongest) > brominated > chlorinated
what are the challenges in water treatment
- changes to source water
- changing chemical treatment practicies
- distribution system
T/F - carbon DBPs are more toxic than nitrogen DBPs
F - N DBPs are more toxic
what is the dangers of switching from chlorine to chloramine disinfectant
chloramination can form nitrosamines like NDMA = cancerous
what is the cause of smell during spring runoff
amino acids in the water
