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Immunology Final > Sample Final Questions > Flashcards

Sample Final Questions Flashcards

1
Q

T or F. In vaccination, both antibody and T cell responses seem to depend on the innate immune system.

A

True

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2
Q

Immunity acquires through passive immunotherapy is best described by what statement?

a. Administration of an antigen so patient mounts a protective immune response
b. Transfer of antibodies formed by immune individual or animal
c. A drug administered that actives B cells to produce antibodies against a certain disease
d. Transfer of memory killer T cells against an antigen from one individual to another

A

b

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3
Q

In active immunization how can effectiveness be checked?

a. By using a skin scratch test
b. By analyzing T cell receptors against the cognate antigen
c. By measuring neutrophil levels in the blood
d. Checking antibody titers

A

d

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4
Q

In order to produce memory killer T cells which a vaccine, which of the following is true?

a. Antigen must be presented in a secondary lymph organ
b. Antigen presenting cell must present antigen on MHC II
c. Infected cell must present antigen on MHC I
d. Infected cell must present antigen on MHC II

A

c

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5
Q

Most vaccines are believed to confer protection through what mechanism?

a. Neutralizing antibodies
b. Specific compliment proteins
c. Microglia
d. Antigen presenting cells

A

a

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6
Q

T or F. Adjuvants may trigger autoimmune responses that may lead to autoimmune disease.

A

T

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7
Q

What is the most common adjuvant in human vaccines contains which of the following

a. Mercury
b. Horse serum
c. Aluminum
d. tin

A

c

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8
Q

Tetanus vaccine is an example of which of the following

a. Toxoid vaccine
b. Killed vaccine
c. Attenuated vaccine
d. Recombinant gene vaccine

A

a

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9
Q

Transfer of preformed antibodies from mother to fetus can confer what type of immunity?

a. Active
b. Passive
c. Permanent
d. No immunity is possible

A

b

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10
Q

T or F. Recover from disease always leads to immunity.

A

F

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11
Q

Which of the following is a example of a non-infectious vaccine?

a. Measles
b. Smallpox
c. Mumps
d. Diphtheria

A

d

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12
Q

Which of the following cytokines is anti-inflammatory?

a. IL-1
b. Tumor necrosis factor
c. IL-6
d. IL-10

A

d

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13
Q

T or F. The yellow fever vaccine activates multiple toll like receptors on dendritic cells.

A

T

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14
Q

In an allergic response, the following cells contribute to the response in what order from fastest to slowest?

a. mast cells > eosinophils > basophils
b. basophils > mast cells > eosinophils
c. eosinophils > mast cells > basophils
d. mast cells > basophils > eosinophils

A

d

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15
Q

Contact with soil microbes early in life is thought to be associated with which of the following?

a. Autoimmune disease
b. Allergy and asthma
c. Shift to Th-1 bias
d. Weakening of the innate immune system

A

c

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16
Q

It has been observed that autoimmune diseases frequently following what event?

a. Cancer
b. Septic shock
c. Depression of the immune system
d. infections

A

d

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17
Q

Which of the following are associated with aluminum intake? (pick two)

a. autoimmune disease
b. anemia
c. inflammation
d. cancer

A

b, c

18
Q

Which of the following diseases which are vaccinated is most common in this day and age?

a. Haemophilus influenzae type B
b. Rotavirus
c. Diphtheria
d. Meningococcal bacteria

A

b

19
Q

In HIV, what allows the virus to evade the immune system defenses?

a. Production of neutralizing enzymes
b. High mutation rate
c. The ability of the virus to take over host DNA machinery
d. The ability to neutralize the innate immune responses

A

b

20
Q

T or F. Measles outbreaks have occurred in highly vaccinated populations.

A

T

21
Q

T or F. The majority of individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis will develop an active TB infection in their lifetime.

A

F

22
Q

Which of the following is an acute potentially life-threatening complication of an infection than can lead to multiple organ failure?

a. Autoimmune disease
b. Cancer
c. Sepsis
d. Vitamin D deficiency

A

c

23
Q

T or F. Single gene mutation can cause immunodeficiency

A

T

24
Q

Which of the following immune cells have never been shown to have antitumor effects?

a. B cells
b. Mast cells
c. Natural killer cells
d. Neutrophils

A

b

25
Q

Which of the following immune cells have never been shown to have tumor promoting effects?

a. B cells
b. Mast cells
c. Natural killer cells
d. Neutrophils

A

c

26
Q

What is it about the human immunodeficiency virus that allows it to successfully evade our immune system?

a. Neutralize the innate immune system
b. Molecular mimicry
c. High mutation rate
d. Very small virus

A

c

27
Q

If a particular genetic defect has never been observed in humans, what would you conclude?

a. It is benign
b. It is not possible
c. It is lethal
d. It is no big deal

A

c

28
Q

What immune cells are quick acting, recognize diverse target structures, and in vitro have been shown to destroy some cancer cells?

a. Killer T cells
b. Macrophages
c. Natural killer cells
d. Th2 cells

A

c (macrophages is also right but NK cells is the best answer)

29
Q

What is the function of RAG-2 protein?

a. Necessary to assemble both B and T cell receptors
b. Necessary for B cells to produce antibodies
c. Necessary for helper T cells to produce cytokines
d. Necessary for macrophages to kill tumors

A

a

30
Q

T or F. In humans with cancer, higher lymphocyte counts associated with tumor are associated with longer survival.

A

T

31
Q

What is a common cause of cancer?

a. Multiple mutations
b. Single mutation
c. a single genetic defect
d. bacterial infection

A

a

32
Q

Which of the following is an example of a type II hypersensitivity reaction?

a. Poison ivy
b. Lupus erythematosus
c. Hemolytic anemia
d. Chron’s disease

A

c

33
Q

What hypersensitivity has an inflammatory component and is associated with antibody-antigen immune complexes ?

a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Type III
d. Type IV
e. None of the above

A

c

34
Q

What hypersensitivity is T cell mediated?

a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Type III
d. Type IV
e. None of the above

A

d

35
Q

Which of the following when stimulated, can shut down inflammation by inhibiting cytokine release from macrophages?

a. Vagus nerve
b. Submucosal plexus
c. Sympathetic chain ganglia
d. Anterior pituitary gland

A

a

36
Q

What is the source of acetylcholine that binds to macrophages in the spleen, attenuating the cytokine release associated with inflammation?

a. Vagus nerve projections to the spleen
b. Cholinergic sympathetic projections from the celiac ganglion
c. Chat + T cells in the spleen
d. Adrenergic sympathetic projections from the celiac ganglion

A

c

37
Q

T or F. Most “flus” are associated with infection with influenza organism.

A

F

38
Q

T or F. Vagal nerve stimulation improved survival in mice with peritonitis associated with perforation of intestines.

A

T

39
Q

Animals deficient in which of the following are exquisitely sensitive to inflammatory challenges because they overproduce cytokines. (pick two)

a. SNS nerve activity
b. Vagal nerve activity
c. Muscarinic receptors
d. Nicotinic receptors
e. Adrenergic receptors

A

b,d

40
Q

An increase in heart rate variability is associated with which of the following?

a. Increased parasympathetic tone
b. Decreased parasympathetic tone
c. Increased sympathetic tone
d. Increased innate immune system function

A

a

41
Q

T or F. Cell migration within secondary lymphoid organs is controlled in part by neural signals.

A

T

Immunology Final (7 decks)

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