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sample exam study Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basis of the doctrine of signatures

A

Things in the world are “encoded” with clues asto their purpose

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2
Q

Why are all in one cold medications a poor choice to treat a cold

A

Many ingredients interfere with each other

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3
Q

what is a counter indication

A

a condition for which a medication should NOT be used

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4
Q

what is trepanation

A

cutting a hole in the skull

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5
Q

which of the following herbal remedies make a poor combination with tylenol (acetaminophen)

A

st.john’s wort

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6
Q

The most common cause of cancer is

A

Tobacco

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7
Q

Testing athletes for steroid use is performed using a GC/MS (gas chromatograph/mass
spectrometer). How does this instrument work?

A

The GC sorts molecules that are then weighed by the MS

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8
Q

Which of the following drugs killed 18 cyclists during 1987 to 1989?

A

erythropoietin (EPO)

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9
Q

Aspirin is considered to be a stomach irritant because

A

It decreases the production of mucus and increases the production of acid

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10
Q

Sumatriptan is an agonist of which of the following neurotransmitters?

A

see image on studocu

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11
Q

Which one of the following does NOT cause toxic headaches?

A

processed foods containing MSG

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12
Q

What do antibodies stick to?

A

Epitopes

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13
Q

What does a human cell use to signal to the immune system that it is infected with a virus?

A

MHC receptor

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14
Q

Why are purified drugs safer than extracts?

A

Doses can be controlled more precisely using purified materials

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15
Q

Which of the following represents a better deal?

A

OGILVIE brand ibuprofen (200 mg ibuprofen each tablet) at $9.99 for a box of 250

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16
Q

Which of the following foods probably contains MSG?

A

Canned spaghetti sauce

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17
Q

Which of the following was highly profitable for the drug industry because of illegal use?

A

Methamphetamine

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18
Q

What is a teratogen?

A

Substance causing birth defects

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19
Q

What is the major reason why industrial chemicals are dangerous?

A

Industrial chemicals are produced in very large quantities

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20
Q

Which drug can be used to make explosives?

A

Acetasalicylic acid

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21
Q

What is the most common side effect of first generation antihistamines?

A

Drowsiness

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22
Q

What potentially serious side effect is associated with asthma inhalers?

A

Heart attack

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23
Q

What is the most common side effect of metal heart valve replacement?

A

Clicking sound

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24
Q

According to Health Canada, how much salt should the average person consume each day?

A

1000 – 1500 mg

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25
Q

Which blood pressure regulatory system can be controlled with drugs?

A

Secondary

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26
Q

Which of the following natural remedies is highly effective in treating congestive heart
failure?

A

Foxglove

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27
Q

What natural health product does Health Canada warn against taking for angina?

A

Arginine

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28
Q

Which of the following indicates an increased risk of heart attack?

A

LDL/HDL ratio more than 5

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29
Q

Why are vegetable oils hydrogenated by the food industry?

A

Improve mouth feel of food

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30
Q

What legal loophole did Pfizer use to get fast-track FDA approval for Lipitor?

A

Orphan Drug Act

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31
Q

What drugs are added to herbal incense?

A

Designer analgesics

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32
Q

What patent medicine was the alcoholic version of Coca-Cola?

A

Vin Mariani

33
Q

How is cocaine converted into crack?

A

Dissolve cocaine hydrochloride in water and add baking soda

34
Q

Which of the following is characteristic of LSD intoxication?

A

Sensation of flying

35
Q

What neurotransmitter do many hallucinogens resemble?

A

Serotonin

36
Q

Bath salts are “legal” versions of what natural (but illegal) narcotic?

A

Khat (cathinone)

37
Q

What “smart” drug is given to everyone in Canada, essentially without their knowledge?

A

Iodide

38
Q

How large is the world market for counterfeit drugs?

A

$75 billion

39
Q

Why do many people take saw pimento?

A

Benign prostate hyperplasia

40
Q

What causes garlic breath?

A

Garlic chemicals in your blood

41
Q

Why do some people take glucosamine supplements?

A

Arthritis

42
Q

What substance, found in human sweat, is present in many perfumes and colognes?

A

Androstenone

43
Q

What substance is released during breastfeeding and promotes mother-child bonding?

A

Oxytocin

44
Q

What is a substance that elicits a specific unlearned response in another member of the
same species called?

A

Pheromone

45
Q

How are most aphrodisiacs discovered?

A

By applying the doctrine of signatures

46
Q

What did Giles Brindley ask members of his audience to do?

A

Touch his erection

47
Q

Why was Alprostadil considered a success?

A

It proved that erectile dysfunction had a physical cause

48
Q

The biggest obstacles to using appropriate pain medications for those experiencing chronic
pain is

A

Social attitudes and legal barriers

49
Q

Bonus: What is the airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow?

A

What do you mean, African or European swallow?

50
Q

Which of the following was associated with the doctrine of signatures? a) blood
b) black bile
c) mandrake
d) bloodletting

A

c) mandrake

51
Q

What was the responsibility of the Board of Food and Drug Inspection that was founded in 1907?

A

to ensure that drugs were properly labelled

52
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the discovery of Aspirin is true?

a) Aspirin was discovered by the reverend Edward Stone in 1763
b) Willow bark was used as a treatment for malaria
c) Aspirin was first isolated from willow bark
d) Aspirin was manufactured from coal tar

A

d) aspirin was manufactured from coal tar

53
Q

Which of the following drugs is not to be given to children? a) naproxen
b) ibuprofen
c) Aspirin
d) Tylenol

A

aspirin

54
Q

What is the major difference between name brand and generic drugs?

A

price of each product

55
Q

Which medication should you not use for a hangover?

A

acetaminophen

56
Q

Tryptan drugs abort migraine by

A

activating the nerve signals normally carried by serotonin

57
Q

Which of these statements about the common cold is true?
a) cold weather causes colds to happen in winter
b) men are more susceptible to colds than women are
c) the incidence of colds decreases with age
d) colds are most frequently transmitted by coughing and sneezing

A

c) the incidence of colds decreases with age

58
Q

Antihistamines produce which of the following combinations of effects?

A

clear up runny eyes, stop sneezing, induce drowsiness

59
Q

What is the best choice to reduce nasal congestion due to a cold?

A

Sinutab Extra Strength containing pseudoephedrine

60
Q

Which of the following substances, found in tobacco, is not a significant cause of cancer? a) Polonium-210
b) combustion by-products c) benzopyrenes
d) nicotine

A

nicotine

61
Q

What was the extremely important medical contribution made by Henrietta Lacks in the 1950 s?

A

she was the source of the HeLa cell line

62
Q

How do many cancer drugs work?

A

chemically alter DNA inside cancer cells

63
Q

Which method do most doctors use to select a course of treatment?

A

faith and intuition in their own judgment

64
Q

When amphetamines were first marketed, what were they primarily used for?

A

As a nasal decongestant in cold medications

65
Q

Why did the International Olympic Committee restrict drug use by athletes during competition?

A

Improper drug use was harmful to the health of the athletes

66
Q

What was the principal technique that East German athletes used to mask steroid use?

A

Injecting epitestosterone just before competition

67
Q

The safest way to obtain human protein for drug use is to

A

Make the protein using genetic modification

68
Q

how do sulpha drugs inhibit bacterial growth

A

Sulfa drugs become “stuck” in the enzyme that makes coenzyme F

69
Q

Which of the following statements about modern penicillin-type drugs is false?

a.Mostpenicillindrugssoldtodayarenaturalforms
b.Naturalpenicillindrugsareusuallygivenbyinjection
c. Most penicillin drugs sold today are semi-synthetic
d.Syntheticpenicillinshavelongershelf-livesthannaturalsourceones

A

a.Mostpenicillindrugssoldtodayarenaturalforms

70
Q

Why did early tobacco smokers prefer to smoke pipes?

A

The stem of the pipe removed chemicals that irritated the smoker s throat

71
Q

Which of the following substances, found in tobacco, is not a significant cause of cancer?

a. Polonium-210
b. Combustionby-products c. Benzopyrenes
d. Nicotine

A

d. nicotine

72
Q

Why is ammonia added to cigarette tobacco?

A

Ammonia removes acids that destroy nicotine thus increasing nicotine delivery

73
Q

What type of cell provides the primary immunologic memory for bacterial infections?

A

B cells

74
Q

Why are adjuvants added to vaccines?

A

Adjuvants reduce the need for booster shots

75
Q

Which of the following does not contain squalene?

A

Anthrax vaccine

76
Q

Which of the following diseases kills the most people in the world today?

A

aids

77
Q

Why are most new drugs artificially designed rather than discovered in nature?

A

Natural source drugs are often difficult to manufacture in large quantities

78
Q

Why do many people incorrectly evaluate risk in modern life?

A

People judge risks using emotional responses rather than rational thought

bps final exam (3 decks)

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