article study Flashcards

1
Q

what did William Osler find?

A

that only about 1 in 5 of the deceased seemed to be suffering in their final days

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2
Q

the % of deaths occurring in hospitals, nursing homes has risen steadily since the 1930s to nearly ___% today

A

80%

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3
Q

most people in the industrial world still die on ______ or ______

A

hospitals or nursing homes

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4
Q

what did the study contradict?

A

the widespread belief that tyrannical physicians are keeping many patients alive against their will

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5
Q

what is the 2nd most common cause of death in US according to the study (after cancer)?

A

congestive heart failure

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6
Q

people who had congestive heart failure, ___% who were expected to live less than __ months survived for at least another ______?

A

28%, 6 months, year

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7
Q

what does Lynn think about assisted suicide?

A

inappropriate to legalize assisted suicide when so little has been spent to explore alternatives

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8
Q

what does the hospice concept involve?

A

provides comfort, medical, psychological, social and spiritual services for those who are beyond cure and approaching death

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9
Q

when did the federal medicare program began covering hospice care for people expected by physicians to live less than 6 months?

A

1983

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10
Q

medicare officials can deny payment or require co-payment for which patients?

A

patients whose prognoses are deemed to have been positive

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11
Q

most hospice patients are dying of?

A

cancer but a lot are afflicted with aids

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12
Q

who is John j. Mahoney?

A

president of national hospice organization

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13
Q

medicare spent almost __% less on hospice patients during their last month of life that on those on receiving standard care?

A

50%

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14
Q

medicare currently spends well over ___$ annually on hospice reimbursements and average daily cost for individual patients is about $____ (same as nursing home care)

A

$1 billion, $100

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15
Q

one possible solution to combating pain problem?

A

program called medicaring

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16
Q

what is medicaring

A

extend hospice like services to patients who have incurable diseases but don’t qualify for hospice care bc they have unpredictable conditions/expected to live longer than medicare guidelines allow

17
Q

preventing a problem is preferable to _____________?

A

reacting to it

18
Q

chronic pain can …..

A

alter the central nervous system, making the discomfort more sever and intractable through a “kindling” effect

19
Q

seriously ill van be….

A

trapped in a vicious cycle of intensifying distress

20
Q

what is common among the dying

A

shortness of breath

21
Q

what can shortness of breath trigger

A

panic that exacerbates the breathing problem

22
Q

what are major obstacles to proper treatment of pain

A

laws and social attitudes that hinder prescriptions of analgesics and opiods (like morphine)

23
Q

medical technologies save lives but…

A

can also prolong suffering of terminally ill

24
Q

common afflictions of severely ill?

A

pain, bedsores, incontinence, depression and psychosis

25
Q

possibilities under consideration are ……

A

training volunteers to spend time with terminally ill people (allowing them to express themselves thru art or records)

26
Q

how is mixing child care and hospice good?

A

using pets to raise spirits, having choirs, friends and relatives to give eulogies to a dying oerson

27
Q

why doesn’t foley agree with assisted suicide

A

“medical profession is not prepared for such a responsibility. doctors dont know enough to kill”