Sample Exam 2 Flashcards
A _____ is a (an) example of a fixed connective tissue cell.
A. monocyte
B. pericyte
C. mast cell
D. lymphocyte
E. neutrophil
B. Pericyte
The most common cell normally found in loose collagenous connective tissue is a (an):
A. chondrocyte
B. eosinophil
C. mast cell
D. myofibroblast
E. fibroblast
E. fibroblast
Which of the following is characteristic of a fibrocyte?A. eosinophilic cytoplasm
B. enlarged Golgi
C. prominent nucleolus
D. abundant RER
E. very large cell
A. eosinophilic cytoplasm
All of the following are characteristics of mesenchymal cells except:
A. stellate shaped
B. undifferentiated
C. multipotential
D. Abundant amount of cytoplasm
E. cytoplasmic process
D. Abundant amount of cytoplasm
In contrast to a white adipose cell, a brown adipose cell:
A. is larger
B. contains lipid
C. lacks organelles
D. contains cytochromes in its mitochondria
E. is unilocular
D. contains cytochromes in its mitochondria
Select the pair of items that is correctly matched.
A. hypercellular obesity : condition associated with increase in size of adipocytes
B. immunocytochemical markers: most reliable method for detecting white adipose cells
C. wandering macrophage: forms the lining of blood vessels
D. foreign body giant cell : the result of increased mast cell activity
E. phagosome : associated with the intake of foreign material into a macrophage
E. phagosome : associated with the intake of foreign material into a macrophage
The most important vasodilator is:
A. leukotriene
B. eosinophilic chemotaxtic factor
C. platelet activating factorD.an antibody
E. histaminase
A. leukotriene
Edema occurs mainly through the action of which of the following cell types.
A. lymphocyte
B. perivascular cell
C. macrophage
D. mast cell
E. melanocyte
D. mast cell
Diapedesis is a term that is used to describe:
A. macrophage phagocytic
B. repair of damaged tissue
C. antibody-antigen reactions
D. the actions of antihistamines
E. none of the above
?
In tissue damage, restitution is a term utilized to indicate that:
A. the damaged area is replaced by identical tissue with the same function
B. vascular granulation tissue is forming
C. the damaging agent is still present
D. a scar has fully formed
E. pus is present
A. the damaged area is replaced by identical tissue with the same function
Margination:
A. replacement of endothelium by macrophages
B. refers to the movement of neutrophils through connective tissue
C. occurs after scar formation
D. is the sticking of neutrophils to the endothelial cells
E. is the formation of collagen fiber
D. is the sticking of neutrophils to the endothelial cells
Collagen:
1.is a protein
2.is dissolved by strong acids
3.stains with eosin
4.makes up approximately 30% of total body protein
5.determines tissue form and strength
A.1, 2
B.3, 4
C.1, 3, 5
D.1, 2, 3, 4
E.1, 2, 3, 4, 5
E.1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Tropocollagen:
A. consists of 5 polypeptide chains coiled around each other
B. demonstrates a 640 banding pattern at the subfibril level
C. lacks glycine
D. is assembled outside the fibroblast
E. all of the above
D. is assembled outside the fibroblast
The most abundant type of collagen is type ___
A. II
B. V
C. III
D. X
E. I
E. I
Elastic cartilage:
A. lacks collagen
B. cannot deform
C. has 640 periodicity
D. found in the epiglottis
E. stains with silver
D. found in the epiglottis
All of the following characterize elastic fibers except:
A. important to the functioning of blood vessels
B. highly refractile
C. impart a yellow color to tissue
D. have a 640 periodicity
E. contain desmosine
D. have a 640 periodicity
In contrast to typical collagen fibers, reticular fibers:
A. stain with eosin
B. are more abundant in areolar connective tissue
C. consist of nonfibril forming collagen
D. possess more carbohydrates
E. exists as very dense course bundles of fiber
D. possess more carbohydrates
Hyaluronic acid is a (an):
A. glycoprotein
B. enzyme which lacks sulfur
C. GAG
D. lipid
E. proteoglycan
C. GAG
_____ maintains the epithelial state.
A. chondronectin
B. fibronectin
C. laminin
D. thrombospondin
E. spontanin
c. laminin
In contrast to mesenchymal connective tissue, mucous connective tissue:
A. has cells
B. has collagen fibers
C. has ground substance
D. has cells with indistinct cell borders
E. is a type of areolar CT
B. has collagen fibers
In contrast to dense regular collagenous connective tissue, dense irregular collagenous connective tissue:
A. has only fibroblasts
B. has fibers that are all parallel to one another
C. has a greater tensile strength
D. is found in ligaments
E. has blood vessels in the tissue
E. has blood vessels in the tissue
Select the pair of items that is incorrectly matched
.A .hyaline cartilage : absence of blood vessels
B. isogenous group : chondrocytes derived from one parent cell
C. hyaline cartilage : entire matrix has same refractive index
D. lacunae : holds chondrocyte
E. pericellular capsule : immediately surrounds isogenous group of chondrocytes
E. pericellular capsule : immediately surrounds isogenous group of chondrocytes
In contrast to elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage:
A. has cells
B. contains collagen fibers
C. is found in the Eustachian tube
D. lacks a perichondrium
E. plays a role in the growth of a long bon
D. lacks a perichondrium
In bone, calcium exists predominantly in combination with:
A. sulfates
B. fluorides
C. chlorides
D. phosphates
E. carbonate
D. phosphates
Select the pair of items that is incorrectly matched.
A. bone marrow: hemopoietic organ
B. Sharpey=s fibers : attaches muscle to bone
C. metaphysis : transitional region
D. Volkmann=s canal : has blood vessels
E. spongy bone: cancellous bone
B. Sharpey=s fibers : attaches muscle to bone
_____ lines the spongy bone trabecula
A. interstitial lamellae
B. endosteum
C. inner circumferential lamellae
D. endosteal lamellae
E. periosteum
B. endosteum
Which of the following is not associated with an osteon?
A. cement line
B. canaliculi
C. endosteal lamellae
D. osteocytes
E. nerves
C. endosteal lamellae
Interstitial lamellae:
A. are outer circumferential lamellae
B. have blood vessels in the center
C. are the remnants of an osteon
D. lack osteocytes
E. are arrest lines
C. are the remnants of an osteon
In contrast to mature spongy bone, woven bone:
A. has lacunae
B .lacks collagen
C. is more organized
D. has less mineral
E. is formed more slowly
D. has less mineral
Which of the following statements is true concerning noncollagenous proteins (NCPs)?
A. most NCPs are larger than collagen
B. are only produced by osteocytes
C. include bone attachment molecules
D. make up 10 to 15% of the total bone protein
E. are only produced by bone cell
D. make up 10 to 15% of the total bone protein
Which of the following proteins does not bind calcium?
A. fibronectin
B. osteopontin
C. bone sialoprotein
D. osteocalcin
E. thrombospondin
A. fibronectin
_____ is used as an index of bone formation.
A. Osteonectin
B. Osteocalcin
C. Osteopontin
D. Alkaline phosphatase
E. Fibroblast growth factor
D. Alkaline phosphatase
An active osteoblast:
A. is a flattened cell
B. has an eosinophilic cytoplasm
C. can break down osteoid
D. undergoes mitosis
E. has membrane receptors for calcitonoin
C. can break down osteoid
All of the following describe an osteoclast except:
A. is multinucleated
B. is derived from monocytes
C. will be found in Howship=s lacuna
D. resembles a foreign body giant cell
E. has a ruffled border facing away from the bone
E. has a ruffled border facing away from the bone
Select the correct statement concerning bone.
A. A sealing zone attaches the osteoblast to the bone surface.
B. An osteoclast is directly stimulated by PTH
C. After an osteoclast resorbs bone, the cell dies.
D. An osteocyte will move along the bone surface.
E. An osteoclast works by decreasing the pH in the bone resorption compartment
E. An osteoclast works by decreasing the pH in the bone resorption compartment
The driving force behind bone elongation is the zone of _____.
A. hypertrophy
B. degeneration
C. maturation
D. proliferation
E. bone formation
D. proliferation
In contrast to endochondral bone formation, intramembranous bone formation:
A. first forms woven bone
B. requires mesenchyme
C. does not undergo bone resorption
D. forms in an area where oxygen is present
E. forms most of the femur
D. forms in an area where oxygen is present
Select the pair of items that is correctly matched.
A. bone modeling: process by which bone is turned over
B. cement line : could indicate the invasion of hyaline cartilage by blood vessels
C. bone remodeling: net gain of bone mass
D. vitamin D: involvement in bone mineralization
E. bone coupling : interaction between an osteoblast and an osteoclast
E. bone coupling : interaction between an osteoblast and an osteoclast
PTH has all of the following actions except:
A. acts on kidney tubules to increase calcium resorption
B. activates an enzyme in the kidney tubules which activates a form of vitamin D3
C. stimulates the release of osteoclast stimulating factor
D. works together with vitamin D3
E. decreases the mobilization of calcium from bone
E. decreases the mobilization of calcium from bone
Select the pair of items that is correctly matched.
A. rickets : calcium deficiency in adults
B. synovial fluid : source of nutrition
C. synostosis : bones held together by hyaline cartilage
D. production of protein : Type A cells of synovial membrane
E. immediate step following a bone fracture : production of new woven bone
B. synovial fluid : source of nutrition
Select the correct statement.
A. Fontanelles are areas where bone is joined to bone
B. Craniosynostosis represents the premature closure of one or more sutures
C. Amelia is the partial absence of one or more limbs.
D. Polydactyly is when toes or fingers fuse together.
E. A thoracic vertebra develops from dermomyotome
B. Craniosynostosis represents the premature closure of one or more sutures
Select the pair of items that is correctly matched.
A. cardiac muscle : strong, quick, discontinuous contractions
B. myoepithelial cell : variation of a fibroblast
C. thin filaments : myosin
D. cytoplasmic dense bodies : desmin
E .perimysium : tissue around a fascicle
E .perimysium : tissue around a fascicle
In smooth muscle:
A. thick filaments are located in the dark patches
B. calcium binds to calciquestrin.
C. anchoring filaments consist of actin.
D. tonus refers to regeneration of the tissue.
E. vasopressin (ADH) causes vasoconstriction
E. vasopressin (ADH) causes vasoconstriction
Select the correct statement.
A. Hypertrophy is an increase in the number of cells.
B. If the endomysium around a skeletal muscle fiber is not intact, the fiber can berepaired.
C. Dystrophin reinforces the nuclear membrane against contraction stresses.
D. Sarcosomes are accumulations of enzymes.
E. White skeletal muscle fibers are fast twitch fiber
E. White skeletal muscle fibers are fast twitch fiber
Select the pair of items that is correctly matched.
A. AAI@ band : center of the AA@ band
B. sarcomere : extends between two AM@ lines
C. TnC: attachment site of troponin to tropomyosin
D. myofibrils : have actin and myosin
E. thick filaments : lighter molecular weight than thin filaments
D. myofibrils : have actin and myosin
Titin is responsible for:
A. contraction
B. joining one skeletal muscle fiber to another fiber
C. maintaining the central position of the thick filaments
D. the bridging between thick filaments
E. calciquestrin release
C. maintaining the central position of the thick filaments
Fill in the missing step in the following statement. During the process of skeletal muscle contraction, nerve impulses are conducted in the following sequence: sarcolemma B> Ttubule B> triad B> _____.
A. H sacs
B. motor end plate
C. thin filaments
D. M line
E. terminal cisterna
E. terminal cisterna
Myastenia gravis is caused by:
A. muscle fibers splitting
B. disappearance of myofibrils
C. disappearance of mitochondria
D. a problem with the receptors for acetylcholine
E. muscle fibers becoming too long
D. a problem with the receptors for acetylcholine
In contrast to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle:
A. has striations
B. has peripherally arranged nuclei
C. lacks actin
D. has less mitochondria
E. has a less developed sarcoplasmic reticulum
E. has a less developed sarcoplasmic reticulum
Select the pair of items that is incorrectly matched.
A. Purkinje fibers : thicker than the typical cardiac muscle fibers
B. atrial natriuretic polypeptides (ANP) : vasodilators
C. adult cardiac muscle : no regenerative capacities
D. SA node : controls beating of the heart
E. intercalated disks : hold AH@ band firmly to the A band
E. intercalated disks : hold AH@ band firmly to the A band
