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Histology Exams > Good Luck > Flashcards

Good Luck Flashcards

1
Q

keratins

A

-epithelium
- terminate in desmosomes and site of cell-cell adhesion

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2
Q

vimentin

A
  • mesenchyme
  • attach nucleus to plasma membrane
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3
Q

Desmin

A
  • muscle cell
  • framework for attachment of contractile proteins
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4
Q

neurofilaments

A
  • neurons
  • internal support and maintaining gel state of cytoplasm
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5
Q

microtubules

A
  • role in cell shape maintenance, development, and intracellular transport
  • conspicuous in dividing cells
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6
Q

lysosomes

A
  • intracellular digestion
  • in cells with phagocytic activity (macrophages)
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7
Q

Golgi

A
  • completes modification of proteins, packages and directs to destination
  • proteins released in vesicles from trans face
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8
Q

ribosomes

A
  • basophilic b/c phosphate groups
  • stains with hematoxylin
  • decode mRNA message for translation into protein
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9
Q

peroxisomes

A
  • oxidize organic materials by transferring hydrogen atoms to molecular oxygen
  • results in toxic hydrogen peroxide removed by catalase
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10
Q

proteasome

A
  • complexes that digest proteins targeted for destruction by ubiquination
  • moves excess proteins or incorrectly folded proteins
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11
Q

apoptosis

A
  • programmed cell death
  • requires energy
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12
Q

necrosis

A
  • accidental cell death
  • cells swell and release intracellular components
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13
Q

receptor mediated endocytosis

A
  • receptors bind to ligands
  • creates vesicles that lose their clathrin coat to fuse w/ endosomes
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14
Q
A
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15
Q

endosomes

A

intracellular sorting organelles containing ATP proton pumps

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16
Q

desmosomes

A

mediate cell-cell contact and strong adhesion

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17
Q

glycocalix

A
  • a network of polysaccharides that project from cellular surfaces of bacteria
  • “sugar coat”
  • stabilizes membrane, cell recognition
  • adhesion
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18
Q

chaperone proteins

A
  • assisting protein folding under stress conditions
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19
Q

GFAP

A
  • found in astrocytes
  • glial cell (connective tissue)
20
Q

cell web

A

located at periphery of cell (ectoplasm)
- establishes and maintains shape of cell

21
Q

secondary active transport

A

dec intake of NA+ and glucose

22
Q

anterior transport

A

COP-II cys to trans to plasma membrane

23
Q

retrograde transport

A

COP-I protein transport

24
Q

P53

A
  • helps prevent the development of tumors
  • regulating DNA repair and cell division
25
Q

irreversible cell injury

A
  • mitochondrial swelling
  • loss of plasma membrane integrity
  • Lysosome swell and auto lyseauto digestion of cell
  • ca+ influx
  • Leakage of CK(cytokinase) and LDH(lactate dehydrogenase ) into serum
26
Q

competitive inhibition

A
  • role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, cellular metabolism and homeostasis.
  • drug detox
27
Q

cytochrome P450

A

first pass effect- liver- drug detox

28
Q

MTOR Pathway

A

signal in ridding of ribosomes because they’re not making protein in starvation

29
Q

glucose sparing effect

A

a switch by most tissues from utilizing glucose as an energy source to utilizing fatty acids.

30
Q

reperfusion injury

A

exacerbation of cellular dysfunction and death, following restoration of blood flow to previously ischemic tissues.

31
Q

ubiquitin pathway

A

misfolded protein

32
Q

BAX

A

pro-apoptic gene
if greater than BCL2=cell death

33
Q

cytochrome C

A
  • fn in apoptosis
  • in mitochondria
  • ↑Ca2+, lose H+
34
Q

Glut-2 transporter

A

transports glucose into the cell

35
Q

downregulation

A

receptors become less sensitive

36
Q

SNARE

A

-Help guide vesicle to correct target membrane
- v-SNARE: on vesicle
t-SNARE: on target membrane

37
Q

peripheral proteins

A
  • loosely associated, weak (non-covalent), removable with mild treatment
  • not embedded
38
Q

integral proteins

A
  • strongly associated, strong hydrophobic, harsh treatments to remove
  • Penetrate hydrophobic core and span membrane(transmembrane proteins)
39
Q

lipid rafts

A

localized regions of membrane lipids in association with specific proteins (neurological disease)

40
Q

proto-oncogenes

A

genes that promote growth (gas pedal on a car) via growth factor

41
Q

sequence of events proto-oncogenes

A

Growth factor binds to cell membrane R -> signal transducer* -> 2nd messenger system* which carries signal -> nucleus -> growth genes* -> growth induction

42
Q

G1-S checkpoint

A

delays the start of a new cycle to either fix or kill damaged cell via apoptosis

43
Q

S phase checkpoint

A

delays DNA synthesis

44
Q

S-M (G2) checkpoint

A

delays mitosis (e.g. spindle assembly checkpoint delays anaphase until chromosomes are aligned proper

45
Q

LLPS

A

how the cell organizes before

Histology Exams (4 decks)

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