Good Luck Flashcards
1
Q
keratins
A
-epithelium
- terminate in desmosomes and site of cell-cell adhesion
2
Q
vimentin
A
- mesenchyme
- attach nucleus to plasma membrane
3
Q
Desmin
A
- muscle cell
- framework for attachment of contractile proteins
4
Q
neurofilaments
A
- neurons
- internal support and maintaining gel state of cytoplasm
5
Q
microtubules
A
- role in cell shape maintenance, development, and intracellular transport
- conspicuous in dividing cells
6
Q
lysosomes
A
- intracellular digestion
- in cells with phagocytic activity (macrophages)
7
Q
Golgi
A
- completes modification of proteins, packages and directs to destination
- proteins released in vesicles from trans face
8
Q
ribosomes
A
- basophilic b/c phosphate groups
- stains with hematoxylin
- decode mRNA message for translation into protein
9
Q
peroxisomes
A
- oxidize organic materials by transferring hydrogen atoms to molecular oxygen
- results in toxic hydrogen peroxide removed by catalase
10
Q
proteasome
A
- complexes that digest proteins targeted for destruction by ubiquination
- moves excess proteins or incorrectly folded proteins
11
Q
apoptosis
A
- programmed cell death
- requires energy
12
Q
necrosis
A
- accidental cell death
- cells swell and release intracellular components
13
Q
receptor mediated endocytosis
A
- receptors bind to ligands
- creates vesicles that lose their clathrin coat to fuse w/ endosomes
14
Q
A
15
Q
endosomes
A
intracellular sorting organelles containing ATP proton pumps
16
Q
desmosomes
A
mediate cell-cell contact and strong adhesion
17
Q
glycocalix
A
- a network of polysaccharides that project from cellular surfaces of bacteria
- “sugar coat”
- stabilizes membrane, cell recognition
- adhesion
18
Q
chaperone proteins
A
- assisting protein folding under stress conditions
19
Q
GFAP
A
- found in astrocytes
- glial cell (connective tissue)
20
Q
cell web
A
located at periphery of cell (ectoplasm)
- establishes and maintains shape of cell
21
Q
secondary active transport
A
dec intake of NA+ and glucose
22
Q
anterior transport
A
COP-II cys to trans to plasma membrane
23
Q
retrograde transport
A
COP-I protein transport
24
Q
P53
A
- helps prevent the development of tumors
- regulating DNA repair and cell division
25
irreversible cell injury
- mitochondrial swelling
- loss of plasma membrane integrity
- Lysosome swell and auto lyseauto digestion of cell
- ca+ influx
- Leakage of CK(cytokinase) and LDH(lactate dehydrogenase ) into serum
26
competitive inhibition
- role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, cellular metabolism and homeostasis.
- drug detox
27
cytochrome P450
first pass effect- liver- drug detox
28
MTOR Pathway
signal in ridding of ribosomes because they're not making protein in starvation
29
glucose sparing effect
a switch by most tissues from utilizing glucose as an energy source to utilizing fatty acids.
30
reperfusion injury
exacerbation of cellular dysfunction and death, following restoration of blood flow to previously ischemic tissues.
31
ubiquitin pathway
misfolded protein
32
BAX
pro-apoptic gene
if greater than BCL2=cell death
33
cytochrome C
- fn in apoptosis
- in mitochondria
- ↑Ca2+, lose H+
34
Glut-2 transporter
transports glucose into the cell
35
downregulation
receptors become less sensitive
36
SNARE
-Help guide vesicle to correct target membrane
- v-SNARE: on vesicle
t-SNARE: on target membrane
37
peripheral proteins
- loosely associated, weak (non-covalent), removable with mild treatment
- not embedded
38
integral proteins
- strongly associated, strong hydrophobic, harsh treatments to remove
- Penetrate hydrophobic core and span membrane(transmembrane proteins)
39
lipid rafts
localized regions of membrane lipids in association with specific proteins (neurological disease)
40
proto-oncogenes
genes that promote growth (gas pedal on a car) via growth factor
41
sequence of events proto-oncogenes
Growth factor binds to cell membrane R -> signal transducer* -> 2nd messenger system* which carries signal -> nucleus -> growth genes* -> growth induction
42
G1-S checkpoint
delays the start of a new cycle to either fix or kill damaged cell via apoptosis
43
S phase checkpoint
delays DNA synthesis
44
S-M (G2) checkpoint
delays mitosis (e.g. spindle assembly checkpoint delays anaphase until chromosomes are aligned proper
45
LLPS
how the cell organizes before
