sample AIMS and methodology

Question 1

why is hassett a biological approach

Answer 1

sex differences in toy preferences were seen in monkeys without socialisation to these toys, so this behaviour can be explained in terms of the effect of genetic and evolutionary differences between the sexes.

Question 2

AIMS

Answer 2

1)To test if sex differences in children’s toy preferences result from biological factors - for example, from prenatal hormone exposure, rather than through socialization.

2)To investigate if male and female rhesus monkeys have similar toy preferences to human infants, despite no socialization experiences with human toys.

Question 3

why was hasset a experiment

Answer 3

Researchers were looking for a causal relationship between the monkey’s sex and their toy preferences

Question 4

what was the IV

Answer 4

sex

Question 5

how was the iv operationalized

Answer 5

male, female

Question 6

what was the DV

Answer 6

toy preferences

Question 7

how was the DV op

Answer 7

type of toy was interacted more with
plush or wheeled

Question 8

was it a observation

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

type and detail of observation

Answer 9

Structured, covert field observation
nono partispant controlled, structured.

Observations were done through the analysis of video recordings of the monkeys in their outdoor enclosure.

Question 10

how long have they been living together

Answer 10

25 years

Question 11

why does the study have high ecological validity

Answer 11

Monkeys were observed in their normal enclosure.
This was their natural environment - high ecological validity.

Question 12

one control of the location

Answer 12

High controls: researchers were able to control this environment by keeping the monkeys indoors while positioning the toys.

Question 13

what type of experimental design

Answer 13

independent measures

Question 14

what were the two experimental conditions

Answer 14

male
female

determined by appearance of the external sex organs - is a naturally occurring variable , therefore every monkey was only participating in one experimental condition

Question 15

how many trials were conducted

Answer 15

7 trials were completed - each with a different pair of toys.

Question 16

other data collected

Answer 16

When Monkeys interacted with the toys, their social rank ad age were recorded (controls).

Social rank had been determined previously by observing grooming behavior - the monkey doing the grooming is always subordinate (lower social status) than the monkey being groomed.

Question 17

sample

Answer 17

135 monkeys
61 females and 21 males
34 who interacted with the toys on more than five occasions (34 monkeys included in the analysis)
23 female and 11 male
older then 3 months
Part of a 135 Monkey troop at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center Field Station
not participated in prenatal hormonal

Question 18

type of sample

Answer 18

opportunity

Question 19

excluded

Answer 19

14 monkeys who previously participated in research on prenatal hormones

39 babies who were younger than 3 months old (very hard to tell their sex)

Question 20

for the four ethical principles before what does the study meet them (PPQ)

Answer 20

face the ethical committee

Question 21

what ethical gidelines are met

Answer 21

Each natal group (family) was housed in a 25 X 25 meter outdoor area with access to a temperature-controlled indoor environment.
Water was available.
Provided with standard monkey feed twice a day and additional fruit and vegetables once a day.

housing deprivation