salts, bases, acids

Question 1

Bases

Answer 1

substances that react with acids to form a salt and water only e.g. ammonia, metal
oxides and metal hydroxides.

Question 2

Alkalis

Answer 2

bases that dissolve in water (or react with water) to form a solution that contains
OH – ions.

Question 3

CHARACTERISTICS OF ALKALIS

Answer 3

• Clear, colourless liquids
• Bitter
• Corrosive
• Can conduct electricity
• have pH values higher than 7

Question 4

Alkalis react with what metal ions

Answer 4

solutions containing metal ions
(except K + and Na+) to form insoluble precipitates.

Magnesium sulphate + Sodium hydroxide → Magnesium hydroxide + Sodium sulphate

MgSO4 (aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) → Mg(OH)2 (s) + Na2SO4 (aq)

Question 5

Alkalis react with what ammonium

Answer 5

ammonium salts to form a salt, water and ammonia gas.

Ammonium chloride + Calcium hydroxide → Calcium chloride + Water + Ammonia

2 NH4Cl (s) + Ca(OH)2 (s) → CaCl2 (aq) + 2 H2O (l) + 2 NH3 (g)

Question 6

Alkalis react with acid
naturalization reaction

Answer 6

an acid to form a salt and water.

Nitric acid + Sodium hydroxide → Sodium nitrate + Water

HNO3 (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaNO3 (aq) + H2O (l)

Question 7

a salt

Answer 7

A salt is a compound formed when some or all of the replaceable H + ions in an acid have been replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions.

Question 8

acid salts

Answer 8

salt formed when only some of the replaceable H + ions in the acid have been replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions.
Acid salts are formed only when dibasic and tribasic acids are used.

Question 9

normal salt

Answer 9

salt formed when all of the replaceable H + ions in the acid have been replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions. (Na2SO4).

Question 10

an acid

Answer 10

defined as substances that yield H
+ ions as the only positive ion when in solution.

Question 11

Acids react with reactive metals to form a salt and hydrogen gas

Answer 11

ACID + METAL → SALT + HYDROGEN GAS

Question 12

Acids react with carbonates to form a salt, carbon dioxide and water

Answer 12

ACID + CARBONATE → SALT + CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER

Question 13

Acids react with hydrogen carbonates to form a salt, carbon dioxide and water

Answer 13

ACID + HYDROGEN CARBONATE → SALT + CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER

Question 14

Acids react with the oxides of metals to form a salt and water

Answer 14

ACID + METAL OXIDE → SALT + WATER

Question 15

Acids react with the hydroxides of metals to form a salt and water

Answer 15

ACID + METAL HYDROXIDE → SALT + WATER

Question 16

if salt is white

Answer 16

Ca2+
al3+
pb2+
zn2+

Question 17

if salt is blue

Answer 17

cu2+

Question 18

if salt is green

Answer 18

fe2+