Salts

Question 1

Generalizations of salts

Answer 1

M + Nm
Solids
Dissolve in water
Most conduct electricity when dissolved in water
Ionic bonding
Generally do not burn with a flame
Form bases in water
Many are very toxic
Many are oxidizers / intensify combustion

Question 2

Binary salt

Answer 2

M + Nm (except O)
Box 1
Simple anion

VH - except water reactive with N (Nitrogen Trihydride / Ammonia), H (Hydrogen), C (Acetylene), P (Phosphorous Trihydride / Phosphine)

Metal named first; ends in “-ide”

Question 3

Metal oxide

Answer 3

M + Oxygen
Box 2
Complex anion

Water reactive = RH, CL

Metal named first; ends in “-oxide”

Question 4

Hydroxide Salt

Answer 4

M + (OH)-1 radical
Box 3
Complex anion

Water reactive = RH, CL

Metal named first; ends in “-hydroxide”

Question 5

Peroxide Salts

Answer 5

M + (O2)-2 peroxide radical
Oxidizer
Box 4
Complex anion

Water reactive = RH, CL, Oxidizers

Metal named first; ends in “-peroxide”

Question 6

Oxysalts

Answer 6

M + oxy radical
Oxidizer
Box 5
Complex anion

Oxidizers, not water reactive, dissolve in water

Metal named first, then the oxyradical (based on # of oxygen’s in the radical)
+1 O above base state = “Per -ate”
-1 O below base state = “-ite”
-2 O below base state = “Hypo -ite”

Question 7

Cyanide salts

Answer 7

M + (CN)-1 cyanide radical
Box 6
Complex anion

Toxic, acid reactive = HCN

Metal named first; ends in “-cyanide”

Question 8

Ammonium salts

Answer 8

(NH4)+1 + Nm
Box 7
Complex cation

Hazards depend on the Nm attachment

Ammonium is named first, Nm named second

Question 9

Oxyradical base state chart

Answer 9

• 1 = FO3 ClO3 BrO3 IO3 NO3 MnO3
• 2 = CO3 CrO4 SO4
• 3 = BO3 PO4 AsO4

Question 10

Givers and Takers

Answer 10

Metals are givers, nonmetals are takers of electrons