General Chem Flashcards
3 basic rules
1) . Like dissolves like
2) . Opposites attract
3) . Never mix anything with oxidizers
3 things with wide flammable ranges
Aldehydes
Alcohol
Ether
PPM percentages
1% = 10,000 PPM 10% = 100,000 PPM
Teratogen
A material that affects the offspring when a developing embryo or fetus is exposed to that material
Vapor pressure range
0 - 760 mmHg
Anything above 760 mmHg is measured in atmospheres (Atm)
Pyrophoric
Material that ignites when exposed to dry air at or below 130 F
What are the halogens
F (Fluorine)
Cl (Chlorine)
Br (Bromine)
I (Iodine)
7 Diatomics
H2, N2, O2, F2
Cl2
Br2
I2
Isomers
Empirically the same, structurally different
Prefixes
Mono = 1 Di = 2 Tri = 3 Tetra = 4 Penta = 5 Hexa = 6 Hepta = 7 Octa = 8 Nona = 9 Deca = 10
Polarity
Has a carbonyl (O=C) or Alcohol (OH)
Super Polar = Glycerol, Glycol, Organic Acid, Alcohol
Polar = Aldehyde, Ketone, Esters
Non-Polar = Hydrocarbon Families, Ether, Organic Peroxides, Alkyl Halides
Oxidizers
Incompatible with reducers
Halogens (X2) Salt Peroxides Oxysalts Oxyradicals Organic Peroxides
Reducers
Incompatible with oxidizers
Pi bonds (C=C) Alcohols (R-OH) Aldehydes (R-CHO) Ethers (R-O-R A.V. Oils
1300 rule
Calculate VP x 1300 = PPM of vapor in container/space
13 gases lighter than air
4H MEDIC ANNA:
Hydrogen (H2)
Helium (He)
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
Hydrogen fluoride (HF)
Methane (CH4) Ethylene (C2H4) Diborane (B2H6) Illuminating gas (mix of methane/ethane) Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Ammonia (NH3)
Neon (Ne)
Nitrogen (N2)
Acetylene (C2H2)
Variables affecting physical and chemical properties
Inverse relationship:
M.W. F.P. B.P. | V.P. V.C. F.R.D. I.T.
MSST
Maximum safe storage temperature
SADT
Self accelerating decomposition temperature
A, a, B
A = salts a = nonsalts B = hydrocarbons
PPE for ammonia
Is both a flammable gas and corrosive
Can’t wear turnouts or Class A (unless solve for one of the variables)
Weight of air
28.5
PPM calculation from PID reading
PID reading X CF = Actual PPM
02 displacement in PPM calculation
20.9% - actual 02 reading % X 5 X 10,000
.1% of 02 change equals 5,000 PPM (1% = 50,000 PPM)
Since 02 is only 20% (1/5) of air, total air displacement would be 02 PPM displacement X 5 (e.g. .1% of 02 change would be total of 25,000 PPM air displacement)
Nonsalts
Nm + Nm
Hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon derivatives, inorganic nonsalts
Common oxyradicals
(-1) = FO3, ClO3, BrO3, IO3, NO3, MnO3 (-2) = CO3, CrO4, SO4 (-3) = BO3, PO4, AsO4
LEL calculation
LEL meter reading X CF = actual LEL
DOT classes
Every Good Firefighter Fries Onions Plus Roasts Chicken Mmm
1 - Explosives (table 1 items - placard for any quantity)
2 - Gases
3 - Flammable liquids
4 - Flammable solids
5 - Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides
6 - Poisonous (toxic and infectious substances)
7 - Radioactive materials
8 - Corrosive substances
9 - Miscellaneous HazMat
NFPA 704 marking system
4 hazards Specific to facilities Type of hazards and levels 0 (lowest) - 4 (highest) Doesn't show quantity, just the highest hazard of any of the substances per category
Air monitoring order of priority
Radiation Corrosive 02 deficient atmosphere Flammable + explosive atmosphere Acutely/chronically toxic atmosphere Biological/etiological agent atmosphere
Hydrogen Sulfide
H2S Referred to as sewer gas Heavier than air Smells like rotten eggs Fatigues your olfactory sense Can usually smell before can detect on sensor
O2 range
19.5% - 23.5%
Methane
CH4 UN 1971 Strong reducer Highly flammable LEL = 5% UEL = 15% F.P. = -306 degrees Auto ignition = 1,004 degrees Lighter than air (VD = .55)
APIE
Analyze
Plan
Implement
Evaluate
What determines when we ground and bond when we transfer fuel?
When the flashpoint of the fuel is less than 100°
Why do we ground and bond?
To disperse the electrical potential (ground) and equalize the electrical potential of the containers (bond)
