Hydrocarbon derivatives

Question 1

Generalizations of hydrocarbon derivatives

Answer 1

Polar and non-polar
All are at least flammable and toxic
R-X = sinkers

Question 2

Halogenated hydrocarbons

Answer 2

R-X
Box 12
Non-polar

Toxic
Most non-flammable
Sink in water

HC radical + halogen +
“ide”

Question 3

Amine (nitrogen compounds)

Answer 3

R - NH2, R2 - NH, R3 - N
Box 13
Polar

Flammable
Toxic
Corrosive

HC radical(s) + “amine”

Question 4

Nitro (nitrogen compounds)

Answer 4

R - N02
Box 13
Non-polar

Flammable
Toxic
Vasodilator

“Nitro” + HC backbone

Question 5

Cyanide (nitrogen compounds)

Answer 5

R - CN
Box 13
Non-polar

Flammable
Toxic
Polymerization

HC radical + “cyanide”

Question 6

Isocyanate (nitrogen compounds)

Answer 6

R - NCO
Box 13
Non-polar

Flammable
Toxic
Polymerization

HC radical + “isocyanate”

Question 7

Sulfide (sulfur compounds)

Answer 7

R - S - R’
Box 16
Non-polar

Flammable
Toxic

HC radical + “sulfide”

Question 8

Mercaptan (sulfur compounds)

Answer 8

R - SH
Box 16
Non-polar

Flammable
Toxic

HC radical + “mercaptan”

Question 9

Ether

Answer 9

R - O - R
Box 14
Non-polar
Reducer

Flammable (wide FR)
Toxic
Form organic peroxides
Anesthetic
Some Ca
Short shelf life

HC radicals + “ether”

Question 10

Organic peroxide

Answer 10

R - OO - R
Box 15
Non-polar
Oxidizers

Flammable
Toxic
Corrosive
MSST
SADT

HC radicals + “peroxide”

Question 11

Alcohol

Answer 11

R - OH
Box 17
Super polar
Reducer

Flammable (wide FR)
Toxic
Forms R-CHO/R-COOH

Radical + “alcohol” or “ol”

Question 12

Ketone

Answer 12

R - CO - R’
Box 18
Polar

Flammable
Toxic
Narcotic effect

HC radicals + “ketone”

Question 13

Aldehyde

Answer 13

R - CHO
Box 19
Polar
Reducer

Flammable (wide FR)
Toxic
Forms R-COOH/R-OO-R

Count carbon functional group + “aldehyde”
(*have to count the carbonyl in the name)

Question 14

Organic acid

Answer 14

R - COOH
Box 21
Super polar
Reducer

Flammable
Toxic
Corrosive

Count carbon functional group + “ic acid”
(*have to count the carbonyl in the name)

Question 15

Ester

Answer 15

R - COO - R
Box 20
Polar

Combustible
Toxic
Unsaturated may polymerize

Name 1st the R’ attached to O
Count the carbon in the functional group to name the middle part
Ends in “ate”
(*have to count the carbonyl in the name)