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x M1 Bacteriology > Salmonella and Shigella > Flashcards

Salmonella and Shigella Flashcards

1
Q

Gram negative rod enterobacteria: what 3 species could they be?

A

Salmonella, Shigella, E Coli

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2
Q

What are some specific bacterial surface elements that differentiate serotypes?

A

O antigens, H antigens, K antigens

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3
Q

Causes typhoid fever

A

Salmonella Typhi

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4
Q

Salmonella strain that causes gastroenteritis

A

S. cholerasuis and S. enteriditis/typhimurium

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5
Q

2 salmonella strains that cause bacteremia

A

S. Typhi and S. Cholerasuis

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6
Q

1 Salmonella strain that does NOT cause bacteremia

A

S. Enteriditis/Typhimurium

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7
Q

Salmonella strain that possesses Vi capsule

A

S. Typhi

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8
Q

Salmonella strain that has incubation period of 7-14 days

A

S. Typhi

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9
Q

Salmonella strain that is most common in US

A

S. Enteriditis/Typhimurium

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10
Q

Sal strain that may be asymptomatic with a + stool culture

A

S Typhi

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11
Q

Salmonella strain that can colonize the gallbladder

A

S. Typhi

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12
Q

In general, LPS in the blood can cause what 2 clinical features?

A

fever, shock

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13
Q

Why can S. Typhi cause a + stool culture, then a + blood culture, then a + stool culture again?

A

Intially it is found in the GI system, then it goes into the bloodstream, and it can get into the gallbladder from there and re-enter the GI system.

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14
Q

SPI 1 and SPI 2 stand for what?

A

Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 and 2

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15
Q

SPI 1 encodes genes for what?

A

Invasion of the gastric epithelial cells

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16
Q

SPI 2 encodes genes for what?

A

Intracellular survival

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17
Q

Describe Type 3 Secretion Systems (T3SS)

A

secretion where a protein moves across the bacterial cytoplasmic and outer membrane AND across the host cell membrane via an injection needle

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18
Q

What bacterial species have T3SS?

A

Salmonella, E Coli, Shigella

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19
Q

Which species of salmonella have SPI1 and SPI2?

A

S Typhi, S Cholerasuis.

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20
Q

Whaty type of immune system reaction will be caused by LPS/endotoxin?

A

Innate. Macrophages will be activated, release TNF-alpha into tissue, increased plasma proteins, phagocytes and lymphocytes increase in tissue.

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21
Q

What can happen when gram-negatives grow in the bloodstream? what bacteria is most likely to cause this?

A

Endotoxic shock; S typhi

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22
Q

During an S Typhi infection, what tests are likely to isolate the bacterium?

A

week 1: stool. Week 2: Blood. Week 3: stool.

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23
Q

For which strain of salmonella would abx be used?

A

S typhi, and S. enteriditis/typhimurium IF patient is immunocompromised.

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24
Q

which Salmonella strain is primarily found in contaminated water sources?

A

s typhi

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25
Q

Are there vaccines available for any strains of salmonella?

A

YES 2 vaccines for S typhi: oral attenuated and Vi capsular polysaccharide.

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26
Q

what is the incubation period for S cholerasuis? what is the infectious dose?

A

6-72 hours. 1000 organisms

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27
Q

what is the likely clinical course of a S cholerasuis infection?

A

gastroenteritis followed by bacteremia and high fever

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28
Q

the origin of which salmonella strain is swine?

A

S cholerasuis

29
Q

what is the most common salmonella infection in the US?

A

S enteriditis / S typhimurium

30
Q

If salmonella is found on strawberries, eggs, or peanuts, what type is it likely to be?

A

S enteriditis / S typhimurium

31
Q

How long will clinical symptoms of S enteriditis / S typhimurium take to appear?

A

8-48 hours

32
Q

Do S enteriditis / S typhimurium have T3SS? Do they have SP1 and SP2?

A

Yes, No, No

33
Q

For all salmonella infections, what cultures would be most likely to yield bacteria?

A

All: feces. S typhi/S Cholerasuis: blood.

34
Q

Does salmonella ferment lactose?

A

No

35
Q

Does salmonella ferment glucose?

A

yes

36
Q

Does salmonella produce H2S?

A

yes

37
Q

Is salmonella motile?

A

yes, has a flagellum

38
Q

Salmonella: cytochrome oxidase positive or negative?

A

negative.

39
Q

How could you determine whether various salmonella outbreaks were connected?

A

comparing O and H antigens and serotyping

40
Q

How is shigella spread?

A

Food, Fingers, Feces, Flies

41
Q

Which shigella is most common in the developing world?

A

Shigella dysenteriae

42
Q

Which shigella is most common in the US?

A

Shigella sonnei

43
Q

Does shigella have an animal reservoir?

A

no

44
Q

Does shigella have LPS? how do we know?

A

YES. because it is gram-neg.

45
Q

what about shigella causes diarrhea and abd cramps?

A

Shiga toxin.

46
Q

how common is bacteremia due to Shigella?

A

rare

47
Q

what is a common clinical finding with shigella?

A

blood diarrhea with mucus

48
Q

how long will shigella be detected in feces post-recovery?

A

1-4 weeks

49
Q

Incubation period for shigella?

A

1-4 days

50
Q

What is the inoculum level for shigella?

A

100 bugs

51
Q

Describe the Shiga toxin itself

A

exotoxin with 2 subunits. Subunit A interferes with function of the 60S rRNA, inhibiting protein synthesis. Subunit B binds to the receptor on intestinal cells

52
Q

Does Shigella ferment glucose?

A

yes, does not produce gas

53
Q

does Shigella ferment lactose?

A

no

54
Q

Shigella: motile?

A

no. Shigellum no flagellum.

55
Q

what antigens does shigella have?

A

O and K only; no flagellum –> no H antigen

56
Q

Do shigella and salmonella produce H2S?

A

Salmonella yes, shigella no

57
Q

Name the members of Enterobacteriaciae.

A

E Coli, Shingella, Salmonella

58
Q

Generally, 3 clinical profiles caused by Salmonella?

A

typhoid, bacteremia, gastroenteritis

59
Q

What is the infectious dose for S Typhi?

A

10^3 to 10^5 bacteria

60
Q

How many pathogenicity islands does S typhi have?

A

2

61
Q

Features of endotoxic shock?

A

fever, diarrhea, hypotension, DIC

62
Q

Distinct diagnostic feature of typhoid fever/S typhii?

A

rose spots

63
Q

How would we prevent S typhi?

A

sanitation (access to clean water) and vaccination (2 types available)

64
Q

What does a positive cytochrome oxidase test look like?

A

purple

65
Q

Oxidase test is positive for what bacteria?

A

other common Gram negative pathogens such as Pseudomonas and Neisseria

66
Q

Salmonella: indole positive or negative? urease positive or negative?

A

Indole negative, urease negative

67
Q

shigella: indole positive or negative? urease positive or negative?

A

Indole negative, urease negative

68
Q

How does shigella lead to apoptosis of cells and ulceration? and subsequent bloody, mucusy stool?

A

Has Shiga toxin with A/B subunits. Cause cell death by preventing protein synthesis (via 60S ribosome inhibition) so cells die –> ulceration, mucous, blood.

69
Q

4 ways to distinguish Salmonella from Shigella?

A
  1. Salmonella has flagellum, Shigella does not
  2. Sal contains O and H antigens, Shigella only O (no flagellum)
  3. Both ferment glucose, but Shigella does not produce gas with fermentation
  4. Shigella does not produce H2S gas

x M1 Bacteriology (8 decks)

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