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x M1 Bacteriology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins (general). 5 facts.

A

Cell wall inhibitors, bacteriocidal. have beta-lactam ring, require cell growth for action, can be cleaved by beta-lactamase, bind to penicillin binding proteins and thereby inhibit crosslinking.

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2
Q

Methicillin

A

Cell wall inhibitor, bacteriocidal. Resistant to beta-lactamase, good against Gram+. MRSA now resistant to this (Methicillin-Resistant Staph Aureus).

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3
Q

Oxacillin

A

Cell wall inhibitor, bacteriocidal. Resistant to beta-lactamase, good against Gram+

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4
Q

Penicillin G

A

Cell wall inhibitor, bacteriocidal. Sensitive to B lactamase, good against Gram +, acid-labile so formulations only IV/IM

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5
Q

Penicillin V

A

Cell wall inhibitor, bacteriocidal. Sensitive to B lactamase, good against Gram +, acid-stabile

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6
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Cell wall inhibitor, bacteriocidal. Sensitive to B lactamase, good against Gram + and Gram -

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7
Q

Ampicillin

A

Cell wall inhibitor, bacteriocidal. Sensitive to B lactamase, good against Gram + and Gram -

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8
Q

Tricarcillin

A

Cell wall inhibitor, bacteriocidal. Sensitive to B lactamase, good against Gram - and Pseudomonas.

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9
Q

Piperacillin

A

Cell wall inhibitor, bacteriocidal. Sensitive to B lactamase, good against Gram - and Pseudomonas.

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10
Q

Azetreonam

A

Resistant to B lactamase, has B lactam ring, otherwise not similar to penicillin family. Good against Gram - and pseudomomas

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11
Q

Imipenem

A

Very broad spectrum, has B lactam ring, otherwise not similar to penicillin family. Resistant to B-lactamase

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12
Q

Clavulanic Acid

A

Beta lactamase inhibitor, used paired with penicillins to increase their activity

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13
Q

Augmentin

A

Clavulanic Acid + Amoxicillin. (Beta lactamase inhibitor, used paired with penicillins to increase their activity)

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14
Q

Cepholosporins (general). 4 facts

A

cell wall inhibitors, have beta lactam ring, bacteriocidal, acid-stabile

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15
Q

Cefazolin

A

1st generation cepholosporin, good against Gram +

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16
Q

Cefuroxime

A

2nd generation cepholosporin, good against Gram -

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17
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

3rd generation cepholosporin, good against Gram -, can reach CNS!!

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18
Q

Ceftazidime

A

3rd generation cepholosporin, good against G-, good against pseudomonas (note does not reach CNS like Ceftriaxone).

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19
Q

Vancomycin

A

Cell wall inhibitor (bacteriocidal), Good against Gram +, use against MRSA, slightly toxic, interrupts D-ala-D-ala bonds

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20
Q

Cycloserine

A

Cell wall inhibitor (bacteriocidal), Good against Gram +, slightly toxic, interrupts L-ala-D-ala bonds, secondary TB drug

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21
Q

Bacitracin

A

Cell wall inhibitor (bacteriocidal), Good against Gram +, toxic, topical only

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22
Q

Polymyxin B

A

Like penicillins but cell growth not required for action. causes membrane leakage. Good against Gram - and pseudomonas, often topical.

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23
Q

RIPE drugs

A

Anti-TB: Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol

24
Q

Streptomycin

A

Inhibitor of protein synthesis (30S). some metabolic activity required. action inhibited under acidic/anaerobic conditions, bacteriocidal, toxic to CN VIII and kidney

25
Q

Tetracyclin

A

Inhibitor of protein synthesis (30S). Bacteriostatic. Teratogenic, can cause mottled teeth in kids

26
Q

Doxycycline

A

Inhibitor of protein synthesis (30S). Bacteriostatic. Teratogenic, can cause mottled teeth in kids

27
Q

Tigecycline

A

Most potent tetracycline (Inhibitor of protein synthesis (30S). Bacteriostatic.)

28
Q

Erythromycin

A

Inhibitor of protein synthesis (50S). Bacteriostatic. Broad spectrum, including Mycoplasma, Chlamydia

29
Q

Azithromycin

A

Inhibitor of protein synthesis (50S). Bacteriostatic. Broad spectrum, (even broader than Erythromycin)

30
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Inhibitor of protein synthesis (50S). Bacteriostatic. Not widely used bc can cause aplastic anemia. Good against B fragilis (anaerobic)

31
Q

Clindamycin

A

Inhibitor of protein synthesis (50S). Bacteriostatic. good against Gram + and anaerobes.

32
Q

Dalfopristin

A

Inhibitor of protein synthesis (50S). Bacteriostatic. Good against MRSA, VRE

33
Q

Quinupristin

A

Inhibitor of protein synthesis (50S). Bacteriostatic. Good against MRSA, VRE

34
Q

Synergin

A

Inhibitor of protein synthesis (50S). Bacteriostatic. Good against MRSA, VRE. Synergic effect of Dalfopristin and Quinupristin

35
Q

Oxazodidinone

A

Inhibits tRNA translocation. Bacteriostatic. Good against Gram +. Potential against VREF, also MRSA and VRSA.

36
Q

Linezolid

A

Inhibits tRNA translocation. Bacteriostatic. Good against Gram +. Potential against VREF, also MRSA and VRSA. Trade name: Zyvox.

37
Q

Zyvox

A

Inhibits tRNA translocation. Bacteriostatic. Good against Gram +. Potential against VREF, also MRSA and VRSA. Trade name for Linezolid.

38
Q

Mupirocin

A

Binds Ile-tRNA synthetase. Bacteriostatic –> bacteriocidal depending on concentration.

39
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

DNA replication inhibitor. Bacteriocidal, Good against G- enteric bacilli, some G+ cocci, and pseudomonas. Used for UTIs, anthrax, and prophy for B fragilis. Can damage growing bone. Resistance is rapidly developing.

40
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

DNA replication inhibitor. Bacteriocidal, Good against G- enteric bacilli, some G+ cocci, and pseudomonas. Used for UTIs, anthrax, and prophy for B fragilis. Can damage growing bone.

41
Q

Metronidazole

A

DNA replication inhibitor. binds DNA and fragments it. Bacteriocidal, good against anaerobics, requires anaerobic conditions.

42
Q

Rifampin

A

RNA synthesis inhibitor, bacteriocidal, broad spectrum. used in combination with other abx since resistance develops if used alone. TB drug (RIPE).

43
Q

Ethambutol

A

TB drug (RIPE). Bacteriostatic against tubercle bacilli

44
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

TB drug (RIPE). Bacteriocidal, requires TB to be active.

45
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Antifungal. binds to sterols in cell membranes, damaging the membranes. Binds better to ergosterol (present in fungi) than cholesterol (mammals). Not absorbed well via GI. Used systemically but is toxic. Fungicidal.

46
Q

Nystatin

A

Antifungal. binds to sterols in cell membranes, damaging the membranes. Binds better to ergosterol (present in fungi) than cholesterol (mammals). Not absorbed well via GI, too toxic for systemic use. Used topically and orally (swish/swallow). Fungistatic.

47
Q

Fluconazole

A

Systemic antifungal, used for thrush, impt in immunocompromised patients (AIDS). Inhibits ergosterol synthesis. Fungistatic.

48
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Systemic antifungal, used for thrush, impt in immunocompromised patients (AIDS). Inhibits ergosterol synthesis. Fungistatic.

49
Q

Caspofungin

A

Inhibits glucan synthesis. Fungicidal.

50
Q

Flucytosine

A

Antifungal metabolite (inhibits fungal protein synthesis and DNA synthesis).

51
Q

Sulfonamide

A

Antimetabolite. inhibits production of folic acid (required for DNA synthesis). Bacteriostatic. Broad spectrum, concentrated in urine –> used for UTIs.

52
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Antimetabolite. inhibits production of folic acid (required for DNA synthesis) at a later step than Sulfonamide.

53
Q

Bactrim

A

Combination of Sulfomamide and Trimethoprim. Used for UTI treatment.

54
Q

Isoniazid

A

Anti TB (RIPE). Narrow spectrum, only active against TB. Interferes with synthesis of mycolic acid. Bacteriocidal, can penetrate through host cell membranes (impt because TB may be intracellular).

55
Q

Gentamicin

A

Inhibitor of protein synthesis (30S), bacteriocidal. Like Streptomycin but harder for bacteria to develop resistance because interacts with more than one 30S protein. toxic to CN VIII and kidney, requires aerobic conditions.

56
Q

All protein synthesis inhibitors are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

A

All are static except Streptomicin (cidal) and Gentamicin (cidal).

x M1 Bacteriology (8 decks)

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