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Bacteriology 1 > Salmonella > Flashcards

Salmonella Flashcards

1
Q

salmonella basic info

A
  • gram negative
  • facultatively aerobic
  • rod-shaped
  • non-lactose fermenter
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2
Q

4 ways to classify salmonella

A

1) grouping by epidemiological point of view
2) disease syndrome or animal from which they were fist isolated
3) place they were first reported
4) antigenic formula

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3
Q

salmonella groups by epidemioligical point of view

A
  • group 1: only infecting humans
  • group 2: adapted for particular species of vertebrates
  • group 3: no particular host preferences (paratyphoids)
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4
Q

2 species of salmonella

A
  • S. bongori (humans)

- S. enterica

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5
Q

types of antigenic variation

A
  • phase variation
  • H-O variation
  • S-R variation
  • form variation (O, V-W)
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6
Q

H-O variation

A
  • H = flagellar, O = somatic

- loss of H antigen or flagella (usually only one direction) –> flagellated HO to non-flagellated O

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7
Q

S-R variation

A
  • smooth to rough variation
  • not abrupt –> gradual loss of O antigen, exposing core polysaccharide
  • low in virulence, can be used as vaccine strains
  • flagellar antigens unchanged
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8
Q

V-W variation

A
  • affects Vi (virulence) antigen

- Vi is outermost polysaccharide layer

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9
Q

phase variation

A
  • H antigen often exists in one of two different phases
  • flagella with antigens either in phase 1 or 2, may switch back and forth
  • no phase variation in non-motile strains
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10
Q

salmonella virulence (5)

A
  • antigenic phase variation
  • sequestration of nutritional factors
  • resistance to serum killing
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • pathogenicity islands
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11
Q

what is salmonellosis the leading cause of

A

foodborne illness worldwide

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12
Q

only human types of salmonella

A

paratyphi A through C, typhi

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13
Q

salmonella typhi

A
  • causes typhoid fever
  • acute gastroenteritis after 7-14 day incubation
  • fever, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal tenderness, death
  • multiplies in GI tract, disseminates throughout body through bloodstream
  • carriers have it in gallbladder, bile ducts
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14
Q

salmonellosis in poultry

A
  • biggest animal reservoir
  • mortality in young chicks, adult birds carry dz
  • persists in ovaries –> contaminated eggs
  • fecal contamination
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15
Q

types of salmonellosis in poultry

A
  • host-specific: gallimarum, pullorum (both non-motile)

- non host-specific: paratyphoid

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16
Q

salmonella pullorum

A
  • white bacillary diarrhea or pullorum disease
  • infects young chicks and turkey poults up to 2-3w old
  • high mortality
  • depression, anorexia, white fecal pastings, white lung nodules, necrotic lesions
17
Q

salmonella gallinarum

A
  • fowl typhoid
  • ovaries –> egg –> chick –> other chicks
  • green/yellow diarrhea, dicolored comb and wattles, lesions
  • usually affects growing or adult birds
  • high mortaliity rates to chronic infection
  • eradicated in the US
18
Q

paratyphoid salmonella in birds

A
  • contaminated feed products, hatcheries, environment
  • egg transmission
  • public health importance
19
Q

best sample for chicken salmonella

A

cecal junction

20
Q

salmonella in cattle (host specific)

A
  • S dublin, S tymphimurium
  • all ages affected
  • acute or chronic (adults can be carriers)
21
Q

salmonella in cattle (non-host adapted)

A
  • S tymphimurium
  • chornic carriers does not occur frequently
  • calves: fever, diarrhea
  • adults: drop in milk production, fever, diarrhea, can cause death
  • humans can be infected!
22
Q

salmonellosis in pigs (host adapted)

A
  • S choleraesuis, S typhisuis
  • choleraesuis most common, causes necrotic enteritis
  • typhisuis related to choleraesuis but not common
23
Q

salmonella in pigs (non-host adapted)

A

can infect humans

24
Q

salmonella in horses

A
  • typhimurium, enteritidis, newport, heidelberg
  • young animals, stress
  • fever, colic, diarrhea
25
Q

salmonella in dogs

A
  • found in the feces of many normal dogs
  • intermittent diarrhea in infected adults
  • puppies more susceptible
26
Q

salmonella in cats

A
  • many serotypes isolated
  • eating contaminated food, through feces
  • kittens more susceptible –> enteritis
  • adults can be carriers or have diarrhea
27
Q

salmonella in sheep

A
  • many serotypes, S typhimurium
  • fever, scouring, blood in feces
  • pregnant animals may die of septicemia before aborting
28
Q

salmonella in wild animals

A
  • turtles and iguanas (pets), frogs are source of infection –> reflect environmental contamination
  • captive birds too –> S typhimurium
29
Q

control of salmonellosis

A
  • treatment: antibiotics for acute form

- control: prevent exposure

Bacteriology 1 (10 decks)

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