Pseudomonas, burkholderia, moraxella

Question 1

pseudonomonas basic info

Answer 1

• ubiquitous in moist environments
• gram negative
• obligate aerobes
• rod shaped, motile (polar flagella)
• most produce green/blue pigments

Question 2

pseudomonas aeruginosa info

Answer 2

• water, soil
• skin, burn tissue, mucus membrane, intestinal tract
• opportunistic
• wide range of survival temps
• water faucets, humidifiers, respiratory care equipment, baths/jacuzzies

Question 3

major issue with pseudonomonas aeruginosa

Answer 3

3rd common cause of nosocomial infections in human hospitals

Question 4

treatment/prevention of p aeruginosa

Answer 4

• vaccination
• resistant to many antibiotics (don’t use penicillin!) and disinfectants
• polymyxin B used

Question 5

burkholderia mallei

Answer 5

• causes glanders in horses, solipeds, carnivores (donkeys get acute, horses, get chronic)
• contagious and fatal
• sheep, swine, cattle, birds resistant
• seldom occurs in humans

Question 6

how was glanders eradicated

Answer 6

diligent testing and slaughter programs

Question 7

3 forms of burkholderia mallei

Answer 7

• nasal (catarrhal discharge)
• pulmonary (nodules in nasal septum, chronic with high fever, discharge, and death)
• skin (thickening of lymph channels –> farcy)

Question 8

how do carnivores get glanders

Answer 8

eating meat from infected solipeds

Question 9

diagnosis of glanders

Answer 9

mallein test –> inject mallein intrapalpebrally (purulent conjunctivitis if positive)

Question 10

treatment/control of glanders

Answer 10

• no treatment –> slaughter positives

- antibiotics not very effective

Question 11

burkholderia pseudomallei

Answer 11

• cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, dogs, cats, rodents, monkeys, humans
• small caseous nodules, abscesses on internal organs
• pseudoglanders

Question 12

moraxella info

Answer 12

• gram negative
• obligate aerobe
• non motile rods
• goats, sheep, dogs, cats, cattle

Question 13

moraxella bovis

Answer 13

• causes keratoconjunctivitis (pinkeye)
• lacrimation, highly contagious
• fimbriae, enzymes –> attachment and inflammation
• transmitted by house and stable flies, direct contact, fomites

Question 14

susceptibility to moraxella bovis

Answer 14

• cattle with little eye pigmentation are more severely affected
• hereford, holstein, shorthorn cattle susceptible
• angus less affected, zebu/brahma not affected
• jerseys very susceptible
• lower incidence in dairy breeds