Bordetella and Francisella

Question 1

bordetella basic info

Answer 1

• small gram negative coccobacilli
• obligate aerobes
• motile or non-motile
• commensals of upper respiratory tract
• causes respiratory disease (acute or chronic)

Question 2

4 types of bordetella and species

Answer 2

• pertussis (humans)
• parapertussis (sheep)
• bronchispetica (mammals)
• avium (poultry)

Question 3

bordetella toxins

Answer 3

• dermonecrotic toxin (not same as p multocida)
• tracheal cytotoxin (exotoxin)
• LPS (endotoxin)
• adenylate cyclase

Question 4

bordetella pertussis

Answer 4

• non motile
• humans are natural host
• causes whooping cough
• excess mucus production and vomition
• toxin paralyzes cilia –> paroxysms of cough

Question 5

prevention/treatment of pertussis

Answer 5

• transmitted by aerosol
• killed toxin used as vaccine
• still common in US
• treat with erythromycin

Question 6

bordetella parapertussis

Answer 6

• milder disease than whooping cough

- isolated in sheep

Question 7

bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs

Answer 7

• motile

- causes atrophic rhinitis in swine, kennel cough (tracheobronchitis) in dogs

Question 8

bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs

Answer 8

• causative agent of atrophic rhinitis –> dermonecrotic toxin, atrophy of nasal turbinates, severe bronchopneumonia
• vaccinate at 7d old, again at 28d

Question 9

bordetella infection in cats

Answer 9

mild upper respiratory tract infection

Question 10

bordetella avium

Answer 10

• highly contagious upper respiratory tract infection
• high morbidity, low mortality
• turkey coryza
• spread by direct contact, environment
• eye discharge, sneezing, cough, tracheal collapse
• live vaccine used, killed by disinfectants and antibiotics (not penicillin)

Question 11

types of francisella

Answer 11

• type A (tularensis)

- type B (holarctica) -> less virulent

Question 12

francisella info

Answer 12

• gram negative
• small rods
• non motile
• non spore forming
• strictly aerobic
• granulomatous lesions in organs –> necrosis
• suppuration of lymph nodes

Question 13

tularensis info

Answer 13

• cats more susceptible than dogs
• humans infected from contact with infected animals
• greatest reservoir is rabbit population
• spread via deer flies and ticks
• endotoxin responsible for lesions