Salivation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the reason for chewing

A
  • Grind and break up food for swallowing
  • Mix food with saliva
  • Stimulate taste buds
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2
Q

What does saliva contain

A
  • Mucous
  • Proteins (including immunoglobulin A)
  • Enzymes
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3
Q

What are the 3 main pairs of branched glands that produce saliva

A
  • Parotid (cheek) x2
  • Submandibular (under chin) x2
  • Sublingual (under tongue) x2
  • Other glands produce the other 5% of saliva
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4
Q

What part of the salivary gland are responsible for primary secretion of saliva

A

Acinar

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5
Q

What do the duct cells do

A

Modify the primary secretion - actively reabsorb Na+ and Cl- ions, some secretion of K+ and HCO3- ions

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6
Q

What is salivary secretion under the control of

A

Neural control

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7
Q

Function of saliva

A
  • Contains salivary amylase which breaks down polysaccharides
  • Produces mucous which facilitates swallowing
  • acts as a solvent to stimulate taste
  • Protective function (secrets lysosome and immunoglobulin A)
  • Promotes oral hygiene
  • Moisturises (aids speech)
  • Contains bicarbonate (neutralises acids in food to reduce dental cavities)
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8
Q

What are the two phases of swallowing

A

Oropharyngeal - food directed to oesophagus (requires sealing off nasal passages (by uvula) and the trachea (by glottis)

Oesophageal - Oesophagus protected from damage caused by passing food bolus by mucous secretion
-Movement by peristalsis (gravity assisted)

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9
Q

Functions of stomach

A
  • Storage of food
  • Initiation of digestion of proteins
  • Kill ingested bacteria (via acid)
  • Formation of chyme (mixture of food with secretions from stomach), before transfer to small intestines
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10
Q

How is saliva secretion controlled when there is a stimulus (taste, smell, chewing)

A

1) Pressure receptors and chemoreceptors in mouth
2) Salivary centre in medulla collects info
3) Autonomic nerves activated
4) Salivary glands activated which then leads to salivary secretion

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11
Q

What does parasympathetic stimulation of acing cells produce

A

A large volume of serous saliva, rich in enzymes

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12
Q

How does parasympathetic stimulation produce saliva

A

1) Causes release of kallikrein which acts on a substrate
2) This activates bradykinin which causes vasodilatation and increased capillary permeability
3) Blood now passes via Cinar cells into secretory duct to become saliva

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13
Q

Does saliva contain more or less ions than plasma

A

Fewer

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14
Q

How do sympathetic nerves do to saliva production

A

Activate glands that produce a mucous secretion so there’s an increase in saliva production

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15
Q

What regions of the stomach are important in digestion

A

Antra region and body of stomach

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