Introduction to lower GI tract Flashcards
What causes the ‘ball’ like appearance of the large inrtestines
Teniae coli
What are the fatty deposits on the large intestine called
Omental appendices
What are the sac/ball like appearances of the large intestine called
Haustra
What is the blood supply if the transverse colon
SMA and IMA
What are the main branches of the Superior Mesenteric Artery (in descending order)
Middle colic
Right colic
Ileocolic
Appendicular atrtery
What are the branches of the Inferior Mesenteric artery (in descending order)
Left colic
Sigmoid artery
superior rectal artery
What forms the portal vein
Superior mesenteric vein +
inferior mesenteric vein and splenic vein combine
Where will lymph in the large intestines drain into
Epicolic lymph nodes which then drain into paracolic lymph nodes then intermediate lymph nodes then either SM or IM lymph nodes
Parasympathetic innervation of large intestine before end of transverse colon and CN number
Vagus nerve (CN10)
Sympathetic innervation of large intestine
Thoracic splanchnic nerves or the lumbar splanchnic nerves (CNX)
Parasympathetic innervation of large intestine after transverse colon
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)
Surface projections of liver and how is it like when the person is standing
Deep to ribs 7-11
When standing, it is located more inferiorly
Surface projections of the gallbladder
Tip of the 9th right rib, midclavicular plane
What branches off the hepatic artery proper
R&L hepatic arteries
What branches off the r hepatic artery
Cystic artery (however some variation can mean some people it branches off L)
What duct comes off the gallbladder and what does this form
Cystic duct continues and becomes bile duct
What joins the cystic duct to become the bile duct
Common hepatic duct (made of R&L hepatic ducts)
What makes the common hepatic duct
R&L hepatic ducts
What is the falciform ligament
Ligament on liver which connects the liver to the abdominal wall
What is the area of the liver where structures leave and enter
Porta hepatis
What vessels enter/leave the porta hepatis
POrtal vein
Hepatic artery
Lymphatics
What nerves enter the porta hepatis
Hepatic nerve plexus
What ducts leave the porta hepatis
Hepatic duct
What are the lobes of the liver
Right
LEft
Cuadate
Quadrate
how many surgically resectable hepatic segments are there
8
Where are the sites of portal-systemic anastomoses
- Inferior oesophagus
- Anal canal
- Paraumbilical region
- Bare areas of secondarily retroperitoneal viscera (ascending and descending colon)
Why are portal-systemic anastomoses important
If portal circulation through liver is diminished or obstructed, then blood from GI tract can still reach the heart and IVC
Surface projections of pancreas
Neck:overlies L1 and L2
Head: right and inferior to transpyloric plane
Tail: left and superior to transpyloric plane
Surface projections of spleen
ULQ, LH
-Associated posteriorly with ribs 9-11
Should pancreas and spleen be palpable
No
How does the pancreas enter the duodenum
The main pancreatic duct becomes the hepatopancreatic ampulla
This enters the duodenum in major duodenal papilla
