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MD1S2: Physiology 202 > Salivary Secretion, Function and Regulation > Flashcards

Salivary Secretion, Function and Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the alimentary tract?

A

Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum & Anus

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2
Q

Accessory digestive organs

A

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas

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3
Q

Functions of the digestive system

A

Digestion
Absorption
Secretion
Motility

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4
Q

What are the three salivary glands?

A

Parotids
Submandibulars
Sublinguals

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5
Q

Characteristics of saliva

A

Volume = 1000 to 1500 ml/day
Colourless
pH = 6.0 to 7.0

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6
Q

What are the components of salivary secretion?

A

Water (99.5%) and solids (0.5%)

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7
Q

Components of solid part of salivary secretion

A

Inorganic Constituents
Organic Constituents

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8
Q

What are the inorganic constituents of salivary secretion?

A

K+, HCO3-, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+ and phosphorus

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9
Q

What are the organic constituents of salivary secretion?

A

Ptyalin (α amylase), lingual lipase, mucin, IgA, Lysozymes, lactoferrin, and glycoprotein haptocorrin
(PALM GLITCH)

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10
Q

What are the properties of lactoferrin?

A

Oxidizes iron which prevents the bacteria from utilizing it for its growth

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11
Q

What are the properties of haptocorrin?

A

Carry vit B12 and protect it from low pH

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12
Q

What are the two types of salivary secretion?

A

Serous secretion
Mucous secretion

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13
Q

What are the components of serous secretion of saliva?

A

Ptyalin(α-amylase)
Extracellular fluid

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14
Q

What are the components of mucous secretion of saliva?

A

Mucinfor lubricating and for protecting surfaces

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15
Q

What ions does saliva contain large quantities of?

A

K+and HCO3−

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16
Q

What ions does saliva contain smaller quantities of?

A

Na+and Cl-

17
Q

Describe the mechanism of salivary secretion

A

Acini secrete primary salivary secretion that contains ptyalin and/or mucin in a solution of ions
Na+is actively reabsorbed from all the salivary ducts andK+is actively secreted due the effect of aldosterone hormone.
Cl- is passively reabsorbed following Na+ and HCO3 is secreted in exchange with Cl-

18
Q

Saliva composition in faster flow rate (excessive salivation)

A

Higher Na+ and Cl-
Lower K+

19
Q

Saliva composition in slower flow rate (dry mouth)

A

Lower Na+ and Cl-
Higher K+

20
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A

DALA TOAST
Digestion of starch by α-amylase
Antibacterial function
Lubricate food bolus along with mucins
Alkaline pH neutralizes any gastric secretions that reflux into the esophagus
Prevents tooth decay
Aids speech by facilitating movements of the lips and tongue
Serves as a solvent for the molecules that stimulate the taste buds
Facilitates swallowing by keeping the mouth moist

21
Q

Where does the parasymathetic nervous system originate from?

A

Superiorandinferior salivatory nucleiin the brain stem

22
Q

How does parasympathetic stimulation affect salivary secretion?

A

Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons release Acetylcholine (ACh) that acts on muscarinic receptors (M3) on the salivary gland
This causes an increase in the second messengers inositol triphosphate (IP3), diacylglycerol (DAG), and intracellular calcium (Ca2+)

23
Q

What effect does parasympathetic stimulation have on salivary secretion?

A

Induce salivation (serous secretion)
Dilates the blood vessels

24
Q

Where does the sympathetic nervous system originate from?

A

Superior cervical ganglia

25
Q

How does sympathetic stimulation affect the salivary gland?

A

Norepinephrine (NE) acts on B adrenergic receptors and increase cAMP

26
Q

What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on salivary secretion?

A

Increase protein secretion (Mucinous)
Lowers volume of primary saliva and a low flow rate
Vasoconstricts the blood vessels via α adrenergic receptor

27
Q

What is xerostomia?

A

Deficient salivation

28
Q

Causes of xerostomia?

A

Sjogren syndrome
Radiotherapy
Autoimmune disease
Drugs

29
Q

What is sialorrhea?

A

Hyper-secretion of saliva

30
Q

What are the causes of sialorrhea?

A

Neuromuscular dysfunction
Mental retardation
Parkinsonism
Drugs

MD1S2: Physiology 202 (20 decks)

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