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MD1S2: Physiology 202 > Cardiac cycle > Flashcards

Cardiac cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cardiac cycle?

A

Cardiac events which occur during a heartbeat

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2
Q

What are systole and diastole?

A

Systole = contraction
Diastole = relaxation

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3
Q

What is the duration of a heartbeat (at 75bpm)?

A

0.8 sec

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4
Q

Duration of atrial systole and diastole

A

Atrial systole = 0.1 sec
Atrial diastole = 0.7 sec

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5
Q

Duration of ventricular systole and diastole

A

Ventricular systole = 0.3 sec
Ventricular diastole = 0.5 sec

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6
Q

Whole heart systole and diastole?

A

No whole heart systole
Whole heart diastole = 0.4 sec

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7
Q

What are the phases of the cardiac cycle?

A
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8
Q

What data can be monitored during the cardiac cycle?

A

Atrial pressure
Ventricular pressure
Aortic & pulmonary pressure
Ventricular volume
Heart sounds
ECG

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

Atrial systolic phase characteristics
Duration
Atrial pressure
Ventricular pressure
Ventricular volume
Valves
Aortic pressure
Heart sound
ECG

A

Duration: 0.1 sec
Atrial Pressure: increase then decrease
Ventricular Pressure: increase then decrease
Ventricular Volume: increase then decrease
Valves: AV valves open & semilunar closed
Aortic Pressure: decrease gradually
Heart sound: 4th sound
ECG: P wave, Q & R wave

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11
Q

Isometric/isovolumic contraction phase characteristics
Duration
Atrial pressure
Ventricular pressure
Ventricular volume
Valves
Aortic pressure
Heart sound
ECG

A

Duration: 0.05 sec (ventricles contract)
Ventricular Pressure: rapid increase to 80mmHg
Atrial Pressure: slightly, sharp increase
Ventricular Volume: NO change
Valves: AV valves suddenly closes & semilunar closed
Aortic Pressure: decrease gradually
Heart sound: 1st sound
ECG: S wave

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12
Q

Rapid/maximal ejection phase characteristics
Duration
Atrial pressure
Ventricular pressure
Ventricular volume
Valves
Aortic pressure
Heart sound
ECG

A

Duration: 0.15 sec (ventricles eject blood)
Ventricular Pressure: Markedly increase > Aortic P
Atrial Pressure: sharp decrease
Ventricular Volume: decrease rapidly
Valves: semilunar open & AV valve still closed
Aortic Pressure: Markedly increase
Heart sound: 1st sound continues
ECG: S-T segment

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13
Q

Slow/reduced ejection phase characteristics
Duration
Atrial pressure
Ventricular pressure
Ventricular volume
Valves
Aortic pressure
Heart sound
ECG

A

Duration: 0.1 sec (ventricles continue to eject blood)
Ventricular Pressure: slightly decrease
Atrial Pressure: gradually increase
Ventricular Volume: decrease
Valves: semilunar still open & AV valve still closed
Aortic Pressure: slightly decrease
Heart sound: no sound
ECG: T wave

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14
Q

Isometric/isovolumic relaxation phase characteristics
Duration
Atrial pressure
Ventricular pressure
Ventricular volume
Valves
Aortic pressure
Heart sound
ECG

A

Duration: 0.06 sec, ventricular relaxation (diastole)
Ventricular Pressure: Rapidly decrease (0 mmHg)
Atrial Pressure: gradual increase
Ventricular Volume: NO change
Valves: semilunar close & AV valve closed
Aortic Pressure : sharp decrease then increase (Diacrotic notch)
Heart sound: 2nd sound
ECG: end of T wave

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15
Q

Rapid/maximal filling phase characteristics
Duration
Atrial pressure
Ventricular pressure
Ventricular volume
Valves
Aortic pressure
Heart sound
ECG

A

Duration: 0.1 sec, ventricular diastole after opening of AV valve
Atrial Pressure: more than Ventricular pressure.
Ventricular Pressure: around (0 mmHg)
Ventricular Volume: marked increase
Valves: AV valve open & semilunar still close
Aortic Pressure: gradual decrease
Heart sound: end of 2nd sound & 3rd sound
ECG: U wave may be present

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16
Q

Slow/reduced filling phase characteristics
Duration
Atrial pressure
Ventricular pressure
Ventricular volume
Valves
Aortic pressure
Heart sound
ECG

A

Duration: 0.2 sec, ventricular diastole
Atrial Pressure: around (0 mmHg)
Ventricular Pressure: around (0 mmHg)
Ventricular Volume: gradual or slow increase
Valves: AV valve open & semilunar still close
Aortic Pressure: gradual decrease
Heart sound: no sound
ECG: start of P wave

17
Q

During which phases are the valves open and closed in the cardiac cycle?

A

A-V valves: Open in atrial systole and rapid and slow filling phases
Semilunar valves: Open in rapid and slow ejection
All valves closed in: Isometric contraction and relaxation phases

MD1S2: Physiology 202 (20 decks)

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