Arterial Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

Force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels

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2
Q

What is arterial pressure?

A

Pressure exerted by blood on the arterial walls

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3
Q

What is venous pressure?

A

Pressure exerted by blood in the veins

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4
Q

Blood flows from _ to _ pressure

A

high to low

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5
Q

Average of capillary blood pressure

A

25 mmHg

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6
Q

Pulmonary pressure

Pressure in pulmonary circulation

A

8-20 mmHg

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7
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

Pressure generated during ventricular contraction

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8
Q

Relation between SBP and cardiac output

A

Directly proportional

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9
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

Pressure during cardiac relaxation

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10
Q

Relation between DBP and total peripheral resistance?

A

Directly proportional

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11
Q

What is the average range of blood pressure

A

Lower normal: 90/60 mmHg
Average: 120/80 mmHg
Upper normal: 140/90 mmHg

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12
Q

Hypertension

A

More than 140/90 mmHg

Must be for two or more days for a hypertension diagnosis

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13
Q

Hypotension

A

Less than 90/60 mmHg

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14
Q

How is pulse pressure calculated?

A

Systolic BP - Diastolic BP

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15
Q

What tool is used in measuring BP?

A

Sphygmomanometer

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16
Q

What is Mean Arterial Pressure and how is it calculated?

A

Average of arterial pressures for one cardiac cycle
MAP = Diastolic +1/3 pulse pressure

17
Q

Normal range of MAP?

A

70 to 100 mmHg

18
Q

What are the functions of arterial blood pressure?

A

Maintains tissue perfusion
Produces capillary hydrostatic pressure which determines the filtration pressure affecting tissue fluid formation
Diastolic blood pressure:
Maintain blood flow during diastole
Essential for normal coronary blood flow
Prevent blood stasis in the arteries

19
Q

What physiological factors influence ABP?

A

Age: BP increases with age
Sex: Higher in males
Body build: Higher in obese people
Diurnal variation: Lowest during sleep due to decreased sympathetic tone and highest after waking up
Exercise and emotions: Increase arterial blood pressure
Temperature: Low temperature = vasoconstriction and increase ABP
Respiratory movement
Gravity

20
Q

How does age affect arterial blood pressure?

A

Birth: 70/50 mmHg
At 20: 120/80 mmHg
At 60: 140/90 mmHg

21
Q

How does respiratory movement affect arterial blood pressure?

A

ABP shows rhythmic fluctuations during respiration called Trabue-Hering waves
ABP increases during late inspiration
ABP decreases during late expiration

22
Q

What factors maintain ABP?

A

Cardiac output
Total peripheral resistance
Elasticity of the aorta (compliance)
Blood volume

23
Q

How can arterial blood pressure be calculated?

A

Cardiac output x Resistance

24
Q

How can cardiac output be calculated?

A

Stroke volume x Heart rate

25
Q

Why is TPR important for ABP?

A

Helps maintain DBP

26
Q

Where is TPR produced?

A

Arteriole

27
Q

What factors determine the TPR?

A

Diameter of the vessel (Inversely proportionate to TPR)
Blood viscosity (directedly proportionate).
The length of the vessel (directedly proportionate).

28
Q

How does atherosclerosis affect compliance?

A

Makes arterial walls rigid

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29
Q

Average volume of blood?

A

4.7-5.5L

30
Q

How do changes in blood volume affect ABP?

A

Increase blood volume → increase systemic filling pressure (Psf) → increase ABP
Low blood volume as in haemorrhage → low blood pressure (hypotension)

Systemic filling pressure (Psf) is the pressure in the systemic circulation when the blood flow is zero
It is = 7 mmHg