Salivary secretion Flashcards
where does primary saliva secretion occur?
acinus
what is primary secretion made up of?
water
Cl-
K+
Na+
initial acinar secretion
Acinar cell at rest
? pump -> ? out, ? in -> concentration ?
Na/K
Na
K
gradient
initial acinar secretion
acinar cell activated
Increase in membrane permeability to ? -> ? goes into ? and ??
Increase in ? in ?? activates ???? -> ??? go into ?
?? works ? -> no increase in ? concentration
? and ? diffuse from the ? into the ? -> changes the ?
? diffuses ? the ? from ?? to ?
? enters ? from between ? down ??
K
K
lumen
connective tissue
K
connective tissue
Na, K, Cl co-transporter
Na, K, Cl
cell
Na/K pump
harder
Na
Cl
K
cell
lumen
charge
Na
between
cells
connective tissue
lumen
water
lumen
cells
osmotic gradient
is initial acinar secretion changed by flow rate?
no
ductal modification of primary saliva occurs where?
in the striated ducts
Ductal modification of primary saliva in the striated ducts
Conversion from ? (? concentrated) to ? (? concentrated) solution
isotonic
more
hypotonic
less
Ductal modification of primary saliva in the striated ducts
Resorption of ? and ?
Na
Cl
Ductal modification of primary saliva in the striated ducts
Adds ? (?) and ? to secretion (lumen)
HCO
bicarbonate
K
Ductal modification of primary saliva in the striated ducts
Striated duct cell at rest
Impermeable to ?
??
Outside the cell high concentration of ? and ?, and low concentration of ?
Inside the cell high concentration of ? and low concentration of ? and ?
water
Na/K pump
Na
Cl
K
K
Na
Cl
Ductal modification of primary saliva in the striated ducts
Striated duct cell activated
Increased ? of ?? -> increase in ? conc. and decrease in ? conc. in the ?
? is pushed into the ? (?) to compensate
? is dragged out of the ? (?) into the ? to compensate
?? removes ?and adds ? into the ? (?)
? buffers ? changes
activity
Na/K pump
K
Na
cell
K
secretion
lumen
Na
secretion
lumen
cell
Cl/HCO pump
Cl
HCO
secretion
lumen
HCO
pH
does flow rate affect modification of saliva in the striated ducts?
yes
how does low flow rate affect modification of saliva in the striated ducts?
Low flow rates - > more time for passive resorption of Na
Lower Na conc. in saliva
how does high flow rates affect modification of saliva in the striated ducts?
less time for resorption of Na
- Higher Na conc. in saliva
If high flow rate, gland activity is high -> Cl/HCO pump works harder
- Increased HCO in saliva
most of the organic components of saliva is secreted by what?
acinar cells
secretion of organic components of saliva by acinar cells
Synthesis of proteins using ? and ? from ?
Transferred to ?? to make ?
Exocytosis of ?
RER
ATP
mitochondria
golgi aparatus
vesicles
vesicles
control of secretion is by the somatic or autonomic nervous system?
autonomic nervous system
remember this
Brain/spinal chord -> preganglionic neurone -> ganglion -> postganglionic neurone -> effector organ/tissue
what is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system (generally)?
rest and digest
parasympathetic nervous system involves neurones from where?
brainstem
parasympathetic nervous system has long preganglionic or postganglionic axon?
long preganglionic axon
parasympathetic signals activate the glands to produce what kind of secretion?
serous secretions
what is the neurotransmitter in parasympathetic nervous system?
acetylcholine at synapse and released from postganglionic axon to target tissue
what carry parasympathetic signals to the salivary glands
CNVII
CNIX
CNIX takes parasympathetic fibres from the ? and ?
To the ? ganglion to lingual minor glands
or
To the otic ganglion to the ? gland
facial nucleus
Inferior salivary nucleus
Remak’s
parotid
CNVII takes parasympathetic fibres from the ???
To the ?? to sublingual and submandibular gland
or
To the ?? to palatal minor salivary glands
Superior salivary nucleus
submandibular ganglion
pterygopalatine ganglia
parasympathetic control of saliva secretion
? binds to ?receptor which increases permeability of ? increasing ? production of primary saliva and contraction of ??
? is an antagonist causing dry mouth
acetylcholine
muscarinic
K
Acinar
myoepithelial cells
atropine
what is the function of the sympathetic nervous system (generally)?
fight or flight
stress response
sympathetic signals come from neurones where?
in the spinal chord from T1 to L2
sympathetic nervous system has long preganglionic or postganglionic axons?
long postganglionic axons
what is the sympathetic neurotransmitter?
at synapse is acetylcholine
Postganglionic axon releases noradrenaline (can be ach also)
what does the sympathetic neurotransmitter noradrenaline do?
increase in organic components in saliva
sympathetic signals cause glands to produce what kind of secretion?
mucous
what is Frey’s syndrome?
Seen after parotid surgery when damage occurs to the auriculotemporal nerve blocking parasympathetics to salivary glands and sympathetics to facial sweat glands. This results in regeneration of nerves where they can be rewired wrong so salivary stimulation e.g. eating activates sweat glands
- Gustatory sweating
