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4 Oral Biology > Salivary flow and constituents > Flashcards

Salivary flow and constituents Flashcards

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1
Q

name the 3 pairs of major salivary glands

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

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2
Q

what type of secretion does the parotid gland produce?

A

serous

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3
Q

what type of secretion does the submandibular gland produce?

A

mix
serous mainly
mucous

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4
Q

what type of secretion does the sublingual gland produce?

A

mucous

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5
Q

what type of secretion do the minor salivary glands produce?

A

mucous secretion
except serous glands of Von Ebner

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6
Q

where are the serous glands of Von Ebner located?

A

○ Posterior tongue in clefts of circumvallate and foliate papillae

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7
Q

At rest majority of saliva comes from where?

A

submandibular glands

then parotid, sublingual and minor glands

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8
Q

When stimulated the majority of the saliva comes from where?

A

parotid

then submandibular, sublingual and minor glands.

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9
Q

salivary flow

describe the gustatory-salivary reflex

A

taste of food increases salivary flow, in particular sour

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10
Q

salivary flow

describe the masticatory-salivary reflex

A

salivary flow increases more from the gland on the same side you are chewing on.

ipsilateral

mechanoreceptors in PDL

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11
Q

salivary flow

describe the olfactory-salivary reflex

A

smell stimulates the submandibular gland (not parotid)

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12
Q

what are the 2 types of saliva secretion?

A

serous
mucous

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13
Q

serous saliva is mainly produced where?

A

parotid and submandibular gland

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14
Q

mucous saliva is mainly produced where?

A

sublingual and minor salivary glands
(not serous glands of Von Ebner)

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15
Q

functions of saliva
- Protects tissues
- Enhances taste
- Lubricates food
- Speeds up oral clearance of food
- Facilitates removal of carbohydrates
- Neutralises organic acids
- Inhibits demineralisation
- Enhances remineralisation
- Recycles ingested fluoride in the mouth
- Discourages microbial growth
- Proteins sustain enamel surface

A
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16
Q

how does food affect salivary flow rate?

A

presence of food in the mouth increases salivary flow rate

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17
Q

how does smell affect salivary flow rate

A

smell increases flow

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18
Q

how does time affect salivary flow rate?

A

at night flow reduces

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19
Q

how does hydration affect salivary flow rate?

A

dehydration decreases flow

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20
Q

how do drugs affect salivary flow rate?

A

act on nerves or gland and can affect flow

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21
Q

how does age affect salivary flow rate?

A

flow Increases up to age 15 then stable

Old age doesn’t affect salivary flow but older people tend to take drugs that do

22
Q

remember the size of the gland affects the salivary flow

A
23
Q

what is xerostomia?

A

lack of saliva

24
Q

xerostomia can be caused by what? 4

A

Disease/damage
Medications
Dehydration
During sleep

25
Q

xerostomia can cause what problems? 5

A

Increase caries
Mucosal infections
Pain from oral mucosa
Difficulty chewing, swallowing and speaking
Impaired taste

26
Q

composition of saliva varies from gland to gland and with rate of secretion

saliva is mostly composed of what?

A

H2O

27
Q

name 3 important electrolytes/inorganic compounds in saliva

A

potassium
calcium
bicarbonate

28
Q

saliva is hypotonic, what does this mean?

A

saliva is a relatively dilute solution

29
Q

formed elements (organic) in saliva

A
30
Q

what component of saliva enables its buffering ability?

A

bicarbonate

31
Q

bicarbonate is mainly produced where?

A

major salivary glands

32
Q

how does the concentration of bicarbonate link to flow rate?

A

Concentration increases with flow rate

added in the striated ducts so as flow rate increases, activity increases so more is added to saliva

33
Q

other than bicarbonate what other components of saliva enable its buffering ability?

A

phosphate and proteins

34
Q

what components of saliva enable it ability to mineralise teeth?

A

Supersaturated with Ca and PO for growth of hydroxyapatite crystals

35
Q

link concentration of Ca and PO to flow rates

A

High flow rates increase Ca and PO which

Decreases demineralisation

Increases remineralisation

Increases calculus formation (mineralisation of plaque)

36
Q

what component of saliva enables 1st stage digestion of carbohydrates?

A

amylase

37
Q

why may amylase be significant for dentistry?

A

May help in breakdown of starches round the teeth

38
Q

is amylase inactivated in the stomach?

A

yes

39
Q

what component of saliva enables 1st stage digestion of fat?

A

lingual lipase

40
Q

where is lingual lipase produced?

A

minor salivary glands of Von Ebner

41
Q

what is the function of lingual lipase (in a dentistry context)?

A

Cleaning of taste buds

42
Q

is lingual lipase inactivated in the stomach?

A

no

43
Q

what is the function of mucins? 3

A

Provide lubrication and protection to all oral soft tissues

Important part in the pellicle that coats teeth

aggregation of bacteria

44
Q

what is the function of statherins? 3

A

Prevent precipitation of Ca and PO from saliva

Prevent initial calculus formation (not prevent it growing once formed)
Prevent mineralisation within salivary glands

45
Q

what is the antimicrobial action of water in saliva?

A

cleansing

46
Q

what is the antimicrobial action of mucins in saliva?

A

aggregation of bacteria

47
Q

what is the antimicrobial action of amylase in saliva?

A

interferes with bacterial adherence

48
Q

what is the antimicrobial action of lysozymes in saliva?

A

hydrolyses some bacterial cell walls

49
Q

what is the antimicrobial action of Peroxidase/thiocyanate?

A

poisons bacteria

50
Q

what is the antimicrobial action of lactoferrin in saliva?

A

deprives bacteria of iron

51
Q

what is the antimicrobial action of histatins in saliva?

A

antifungal and antibacterial

52
Q

what is the antimicrobial action of cystatins in saliva?

A

inhibit tissue-damaging bacterial enzymes

4 Oral Biology (6 decks)

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