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Emma GI > Salivary Glands/Head and Neck Malignancy > Flashcards

Salivary Glands/Head and Neck Malignancy Flashcards

1
Q

Duct of the parotid gland

A

stenson’s duct

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2
Q

Duct of the submandibular glands

A

wharton’s duct

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3
Q

salivary enzymes

A

alpha-amylase

lipase

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4
Q

alpha-amylase

A

carb digestion

inactivated by low pH

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5
Q

lipase

A

lipid digestion

converts triglycerides to FA and monoglycerides

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6
Q

mucin

A

bolus formation and swallowing food

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7
Q

helps maintain neutral pH in salivary glands and mouth

A

HCO3-

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8
Q

salivary fluid secretion is regulated by

A

cholinergic signaling (parasympathetic)

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9
Q

salivary protein is regulated by

A

NE (sympathetic)

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10
Q

acinar epithelial cells produce fluid of similar ionic composition to

A

plasma

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11
Q

salivary ducts actively absorb/secrete…

A

absorb Na, Cl

secrete K+, HCO3-

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12
Q

production of hypOtonic saliva is accomplished by…

A

salivary ductal cells lacking aquaporins

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13
Q

What allows majority of Na secreted by acing cells to reach mouth?

A

High salivary flow

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14
Q

GI hormones role in regulation of salivary secretion

A

NO ROLE

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15
Q

sympathetic stimulation is a major contributor to increased fluid volume

A

FALSE

minor role

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16
Q

purely serous salivary gland

A

parotid

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17
Q

mixed seromucous, but predominately serous gland

A

submandibular gland

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18
Q

mixed seromucous, but predominately mucous gland

A

sublingual gland

19
Q

unstimulated - most saliva via which gland?

A

submandibular

20
Q

stimulated - most saliva via which gland?

A

parotid

21
Q

sialadentis

A

inflammation of the salivary glands

via infections, virus, bacteria, stones, trauma, AI

22
Q

acute sialadenitis

A

most commonly parotid/submandibular

  • viral (MUMPS - paramyxovirus, coxsackie a, ECHO, Epstein-Barr)
  • bacterial (STAPH AUREUS, h. influenza, strep pyogenes)
  • AI (SJOGRENS)

clinical sx: pain, fever, malaise

23
Q

Mumps

A

epidemic parotiditis
myxovirus
sx: fever, malaise, HA, painful swelling of one or both parotid glands

complications: sensorineural deafness, encephalitis, orchitis or oophoritis, pancreatitis

24
Q

chronic sialadenitis

A

usu via scarring/inflamm of duct and/or parenchyma

25
Q

chronic non-obstructive sialadenitis

A

usu via granulomatous inflammation (sarcoid, TB, actinomycosis, cat scratch disease)

26
Q

chronic obstructive sialadenitis

A

most comm secondary to stone formation

27
Q

sialolithiasis

A

submandibular glands mostly

inspirated secretions, ductal debris, Ca phosphate coalesce

recurrent episodes pain/swelling w/ meals

middle aged males

28
Q

mucocele

A

most common lesion of salivary gland

usu at lower lip, oral cavity, result of trauma

2nd-3rd decades

29
Q

Sjogren syndrome

A

immune-mediated destruction of salivary and lacrimal
-isolated disorder or AI or virus)

middle-aged women

sx: dry mouth/eyes

30
Q

Sjogren syndrome histo

A
  • periductal lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltrate
  • primarily CD4 T cells
  • lymphocytic sialadenitis in labial salivary gland biopsy
  • ductal epithelial hyperplasia
31
Q

benign salivary gland tumors

A
  • pleomorphic adenoma

- warthin tumor

32
Q

malignant salivary gland tumor

A

-mucoepidermoid carcinoma

33
Q

pleomorphic adenoma

A

benign
mixed tumor
-most comm neoplasm of maj/minor salivary glands
-F>M, 3rd-6th decade
-most common site: tail of parotid (superficial lobe), can involve facial n.
-usu painless

tx: excision, may recur if inadequate

34
Q

pleomorphic adenoma histo

A
  • well demarcated
  • admixture of epithelial, myoepithelial and stroll components within a fibrous capsule
  • mitosis and necrosis are UNCOMMON
35
Q

warthin tumor

papillary cyst adenoma lymphomatosum

A 
benign
second most common
-white M>F, 5-6 decade
-mostly parotid
-cigarette smoking
36
Q

warthin tumor histo

A

papillary structure
mature lymphocytes
-oncocytic bilayered epithelium

37
Q

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A
  • most common MALIGNANT tumor of parotid gland
  • most common salivary tumor in child
  • either sex, 3-6th decade
  • low (slow growing, painless) or high grade (rapidly enlarging, painful)
38
Q

mucoepidermoid carcinoma histo

A
  • mixture of squamous cells, mucus-secreting cells, intermediate cells
  • divided into low, intermediate, high grades
39
Q

> 95% H/N cancers are

A

HNSCC

  • most in oral cavity
  • 50% HNSCC harbor oncogenic strains of HPV
40
Q

leukoplakia

A

precursor lesion to oral squamous cell carcinoma

41
Q

50% of HNSCC harbor oncogenic strains of

A

HPV

42
Q

HPV-positive HNSCC

A
  • tonsil and base of tongue
  • non-keratinized
  • younger cohorts
  • 3:1 men
  • stage: Tx, T1-2
  • risk: sexual behavior
  • increasing incidence
  • improved survival
43
Q

HPV-negative tumors

A
  • located at all sites
  • keratinized
  • older cohorts
  • 3:1 men
  • variable
  • EtOH
  • dec incidence
  • unchanging survival

Emma GI (18 decks)

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