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Emma GI > Colon Polyps/Cancer, Peds GI > Flashcards

Colon Polyps/Cancer, Peds GI Flashcards

1
Q

inflammatory polyp

A

benign

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2
Q

hamartoma

A

benign

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3
Q

adenoma

A

neoplastic

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4
Q

hyperplastic polyp

A

benign, non-neoplastic

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5
Q

sessile serrated adenoma/polyp

A

neoplastic

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6
Q

traditional serrated adenoma

A

neoplastic

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7
Q

hamartomatous polyp examples

A

juvenile polyps (AD, mostly rectum)

peutz-jeghers syndrome (AD, colon/SI/Stomach)

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8
Q

oral and lip pigmentation

A

peutz-jeghers syndrome

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9
Q

more villous component –> greater

A

cancer risk

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10
Q

serrated polyps, which locations are usually non-neoplastic?

A

rectum and colon

usu hyperplastic

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11
Q

serrated polyps, which locations are usually neoplastic?

A

proximal to sigmoid, especially R colon (cecum, as colon, transverse colon)

(usu sessile serrated)

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12
Q

HNPCC

A

aka Lynch syndrome

AD
small #polyps, early age
mut in DNA repair genes –> microsat instability

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13
Q

Amsterdam II criteria

A

HNPCC

3+ relatives w/ HNPCC cancer
2+ generations w/ cancer
1+ cancers dx <50

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14
Q

familial adenomatous polyposis sundrome (FAP)

A

AD
APC mut
100% progression to CA by age 30

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15
Q

attenuated FAP syndrome

A

~30 polyps, most proximal

50% lifetime risk for CA

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16
Q

Gardener syndrome

A

FAP w/ osteomas, epidermal cysts, fibromatosis (desmoid tumors)

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17
Q

FAP tx

A

prophylactic colectomy

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18
Q

chromosomal instability
(adenoma-carcinoma sequence)

location

histo type

A

L colon, rectum, sigmoid, descending

  • tubular adenomas, tubulovillous, villous
  • sessile or pedunculated,
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19
Q

microsatellite instability

location

histo type

A

R colon

-sessile serrated

20
Q

adenoma-carcinoma sequence

MOA

A

chromosomal instability

  • somatic mut occur w/ aging
  • APC, Kras, p53
21
Q

MLH1 inactivation

A

microsat instability

22
Q

Which type of colorectal tumors benefit from anti-GFR therapy?

A

tumors with wild-type K-ras

23
Q

Which carcinoids metastasize

A

ileal and colonic tumors

24
Q

Which carcinoids rarely metastasize?

A

appendiceal and rectal

25
Q

which lymphoma is associated with malabsorption?

A

T-cell lymphoma

26
Q

most common lymphoma

A

MALT, t(11;18)

27
Q

primary melanoma mar arise in the

A

anal canal

28
Q

appendiceal tumors

A
  • mucocele
  • mucinous cystadenoma
  • mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
29
Q

melanosis coli

A

lipofucsin-laden macrophages in lamina propria

laxative overuse

30
Q

endometriosis

A

endometrial glands and stroma in muscularis

31
Q

guaiac test

A

for peroxidase activity of heme (NOT specific for human blood)

32
Q

FIT

A

Abs specific for human Hb, albumin, or other blood components

33
Q

start colorectal cancer screening at which age

A

45 y/o

  • if 1st degree relative <60, 10 yrs younger than age at first dx, q5yr
  • ” >60, begin at 40, q10yr
34
Q

pancolotis colonoscopy recommendation

A

annual

35
Q

risk reduction of CRC

A

aspirin
celecoxib (FAP)
post-menopause estrogen+progesterone
stop cigarettes

36
Q

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A
  • first born males
  • increased vascularity
  • leads to hypochloremic alkalosis, hypokalemia
  • tx: pyloromyotomy
37
Q

olive felt on physical

A

thick pylorus in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

38
Q

intussusception

A
  • most comm ileocecal
  • child most idipathic
  • adult usu have leadpoint

classic tx: therapeutic enema

39
Q

Hirschprung’s always involves

A

rectum and extends proximally

40
Q

Hirschprung’s

A

affects both Meissener’s and Auerbach’s myenteric plexuses

-colon can’t relax (no effect of NO etc)

  • dilaTed proximal portion
  • narrow distal portion
41
Q

Hirschprung’s tx

A

surgical, remove affected portions, primary reanastamosis v temporary ostomy

42
Q

meckle’s diverticulum

A
  • THE most common congenital abnormality of the GI tract
  • outpouching via incomplete obliteration of vitelline duct commenting midgut to yolk sac.
  • TRUE diverticulum
43
Q

omphalocele

A

failure of lateral walls to migrate

covered by petitoneum

44
Q

hastroschisis

A

extrusion of abd contents

no sac

45
Q

necrotizing enterocolitis

A
  • premature, low birth-weight
  • first 2weeks, onset of enteral feeding
  • abd distension, vital changes
  • pneumotosis intestinalis
  • primarily colonic necrosis
  • perforation risk
    tx: bowel rest, abx, surgery

Emma GI (18 decks)

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