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Digestion And Metabolism > Salivary Glands DLA > Flashcards

Salivary Glands DLA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of saliva?

A

Function
• Moistens and lubricates food : mucus and electrolytes
• Protects the oral cavity by lubrication, control of bacterial flora (by the presence of lysozyme, peroxidase, histatin, cystatin, lactoferrin, and IgA), and its cleansing action.
• Assists in taste sensation.
• Initiates digestion of carbohydrates via salivary amylase.
• Weak lipase to digest some fat

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2
Q

How much saliva is produced daily?

A

Average daily production of saliva is 1.0 to 1.2 liters

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3
Q

What is the composition of saliva?

A

Composition
• Initial acinar secretion resembles tissue fluid
• Modified by the ductal system
• Intercalated ducts - adds bicarbonate and removes chlorine ions
• Straited ducts - removes sodium and pumps potassium and bicarbonate into the saliva
• Final secretion is hypotonic
• Microbial flora and immune cells
• FYI, also contains: Opiorphin (pain killer) haptocorrin (Vit B12 binding) and Kallikrein (forms bradykinin)

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4
Q

Describe salivary acini (secretory units)

A
  • Blind sac containing secretory cells
  • Major salivary gland acini surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue from septa divides the glands into lobes and lobules
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5
Q

What are the basic types of salivary acini?

A
  • Three basic types:
  • Serous: contains serous/protein secreting cells.
  • Mucous:contains mucous cells
  • Mixed: contains both serous and mucous cells. The serous cells are arranged in a cap around the mucous cells called a serous demilune
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6
Q

Describe the mayo epithelial cells of salivary acini

A

Myoepithelial cells:

• Contractile cells that are located on the basal aspect of the acini and
the proximal part of the ducts.

• Contraction helps move the secretory product out of the acini and into the ducts.

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7
Q

What are the segmental sequences of salivary ducts?

A

Three sequential segments:
• Intercalated ducts→Striated Ducts→Excretory ducts

The proximal part of the salivary ductal system modify initial secretion and are located between the parenchyma or acini

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8
Q

What is the significance of intercalated ducts?

A
  1. Intercalated ducts: leads from the acinus
    • Lined by a simple low cuboidal epithelium
    • Secrete HCO3- and absorb Cl- from primary secretion
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9
Q

What is the significance striated ducts?

A
  1. Striated ducts (S)

• Lined by simple high cuboidal to columnar epithelium

• Basal striations→in-foldings of the basal plasma
membrane, which compartmentalize mitochondria

  • Apical nuclei
  • Reabsorb Na+ from primary secretions
  • Secretion of K+ and adds HCO3- into secretions
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9
Q

What is the significance striated ducts?

A
  1. Striated ducts (S)

• Lined by simple high cuboidal to columnar epithelium

• Basal striations→in-foldings of the basal plasma
membrane, which compartmentalize mitochondria

  • Apical nuclei
  • Reabsorb Na+ from primary secretions
  • Secretion of K+ and adds HCO3- into secretions
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10
Q

What is the significance of excretory ducts?

A

Excretory ducts (Ex): empties into the oral cavity

  • Location: interlobular and interlobar connective tissue.
  • Epithelium: simple cuboidal / columnar which gradually changes to pseudostratified columnar, stratified cuboidal or columnar and even stratified squamous epithelium near the oral cavity
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11
Q

Describe the parotid gland

A

Located anterior and inferior to the ear

  • Classified as a pure serous, compound, alveolar gland
  • Has a capsule formed by the superficial cervical fascia→ dense connective tissue which forms of trabeculae (septa) that subdivide the gland into lobes and lobules.
  • Trabeculae convey blood and lymph vessels, excretory ducts, and nerves through the substance of the gland.
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11
Q

Describe the parotid gland

A

Located anterior and inferior to the ear

  • Classified as a pure serous, compound, alveolar gland
  • Has a capsule formed by the superficial cervical fascia→ dense connective tissue which forms of trabeculae (septa) that subdivide the gland into lobes and lobules.
  • Trabeculae convey blood and lymph vessels, excretory ducts, and nerves through the substance of the gland.
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12
Q

Describe the secretory portion of the parotid gland

A

Secretory portion
• Serous acini- serous cells produce amylase
• Apical secretory granules
• Granules also contain peroxidase, lysozyme, cystatins
• Myoepithelial cells around acini

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13
Q

Descrbe the ducts of the parotid gland

A

Ducts
• Intercalated ( ID) and striated ducts (SD)
• The parotid gland has the longest intercalated ducts

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14
Q

What is the significance of Stenson’s duct to the parotid gland?

A

Stensen’s Duct

  • Largest excretory duct (main parotid duct).
  • Opensintotheoralvestibuleat the parotid papilla (next to the upper second molar tooth).
15
Q

Describe the submandibular gland

A

Located on either side of the floor of the mouth close to the mandible

• Classified as a mixed, compound, tubuloalveolar gland

16
Q

Describe the secretory portion of the submandibular gland

A

Secretory portion

  • Composed mostly of pure serous acini
  • However, groups of mixed acini are also present among the pure serous units.
  • Note the presence of dense serous cells forming demilunes and pale-staining mucous cells grouped along the tubular portion of this tubuloacinar gland.
  • Myoepithelial cells around acini
17
Q

Describe the ducts of the submandibular gland

A

Ducts

  • Intercalated ducts are short, but present
  • Striated ducts are long and clearly evident.
  • Excretory submandibular ducts open on either side of the base of the lingual frenulum.
18
Q

Describe the sublingual gland

A
  • Located on the floor of the mouth anterior and lateral to the submandibular gland
  • Classified as a mixed, compound, tubuloalveolar gland
19
Q

Describe the secretory portion of the sublingual gland

A

Secretory portion
• Mixed acini
• Pure mucous acinus
• Myoepithelial cells around acini

20
Q

Describe the ducts of the sublingual gland

A

Ducts
• Short intercalated and striated ducts but are few in number

• Multiple excretory sublingual ducts empty directly into the floor of the oral cavity and into the submandibular duct

Digestion And Metabolism (57 decks)

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