Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physio U4 > Salivary and Gastric Acid Secretions > Flashcards

Salivary and Gastric Acid Secretions Flashcards

1
Q

Although not required, mastication is important for

A

mechanical breakdown, SA for saliva, easier swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Saliva Function

A

lubrication, dissolving food for taste, heath of gums, R protein for Vit B12 absorption, amylase and ptyalin for carb digestion, HCO3 for H+ neutralization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 salivary glands

A

parotid, submandibular, and sublingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What types of cells are in salivary glands

A

acinar and ductal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acinar cell secretions

A

isotonic electrolyte (Na, Cl, K, HCO3, H2O), active amylase, mucins, tight junctions permeable to water (SECRETION IS ISOTONIC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ductal cells

A

reabsorbs Na, HCO3 exchanges for luminal Cl, tight junctions impermeable to water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which salivary gland cells have tight junctions impermeable to water?

A

ductal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aldosterone effects salivary gland cells by

A

increasing the absorption of Na by ductal cells, doesn’t effect rate of salivary secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What regulates rate and volume of salivary secretion?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Final salivary secretion is ________ in comparison to plasma. (hypo- iso- hyper- tonic)

A

HYPOtonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PNS and SNS activity cause

A

INCREASED salivation, intitiated by taste, smell, tactile stimuli in mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PNS increases release of what type of saliva

A

watery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

SNS increased release of what type of saliva

A

proteins and maintains high blood flow to gland by releasing nonadrenergic vasodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Increased rate of salivation

A

by PNS during nausea and vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Decreased rate of salivation

A

by inhibition of PNS by fatigue, sleep, fear, dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What electrolyte is high at all salivary flow rates

A

HCO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

At the slowest salivary flow rate…

A

ductal cells reabsorb most Na and exchange most Cl for HCO3, therefore Na and Cl are low, and K is high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

At the fastest salivary flow rate…

A

ductal cells reabsorb little Na, therefore highest concentration of Na and lowest K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

During maximal PNS stimulation would the Na concentration of the saliva be high or low?

A

HIGH, fast salivation flow rate, low Na reabsorption by ductal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gastric secretions have 3 main functions

A

Digestion, modulate HCl secretion, and protect lining of gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Gastric substances that aid in digestion

A

HCl (parietal cells), Intrinsic Factor (parietal cells), Gastric lipase (chief cells), and pepsinogen (chief cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Gastric substances that modulate HCl secretion

A

Gastrin (G cells), Histamine (ECL cells), Somatostatin (D cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gastric substances that protect the stomach lining

A

Mucus and HCO3 (surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells)

24
Q

Secretory cells present in cardiac glands

A

surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells - mucus and HCO3

25
Q

Secretory cells present in gastric (oxyntic) glands

A

surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells - mucus and HCO3, parietal, chief, D cells, ECL

26
Q

Secretory cells present in pyloric glands

A

surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells - mucus and HCO3, G and D cells

27
Q

HCl secretion by parietal cells - H+ production

A

Carbonic Anhydrase: CO2 + H2O –> H+ + HCO3

28
Q

HCl secretion by parietal cells - Apical Membrane

A

H+/K+ ATPase pump: pumps H+ into lumen and K+ into cell

29
Q

HCl secretion by parietal cells - Basolateral membrane

A

Excess HCO3 is transported across in exchange for Cl-, HCO3 enters blood and CL- diffuses into lumen to generate HCl

30
Q

HCl secretion by parietal cells - H2O

A

passive diffusion with HCl into lumen

31
Q

Rate limting step of HCl secretion by parietal cells

A

ATP availability for the proton pump

32
Q

Alkaline tide

A

refers to the excess HCO3 entering the gastric venous blood, increasing the pH

33
Q

factors that increase HCl secretion act synergistically

A

Gastrin (Ca2+), Histamine (H2 receptors - cAMP), ACh-muscarinic activation (PNS - Ca2+)

34
Q

Location of receptors for modulation of HCl secretion

A

basolateral membrane of parietal cell

35
Q

factors that decrease HCl secretion

A

Somatostatin (D cells - cAMP), Prostaglandin (cAMP), Secretin (S cells) (decrease cAMP)

36
Q

What is more effective in reducing H+ secretion, proton pump inhibitor or H2 receptor antagonist?

A

Proton pump inhibitor

37
Q

Gastrin Function

A

increases secretion of HCl, pepsinogen, IF, and Histamine
increases phasic contractions, gastric emptying, and colonic motility (mass movements), trophic - stimulates growth of gastric mucosa

38
Q

What factors increase Gastrin secretion

A

GRP (IPANs), ACh, peptides in gastric lumen, secretin, gastric distention

39
Q

What factors decrease Gastrin secretion

A

Somatostatin (when pH drops below 3)

40
Q

Histamine Function

A

Increase HCl and IF, decrease somatostatin

41
Q

What factors increase histamine secretion

A

gastrin

42
Q

what factor decrease histamine secretion

A

somatostatin

43
Q

Somatostatins function

A

inhibits HCl, gastrin, pepsinogen, IF, histamine secretion; reduces local blood flow by constriction of vessels

44
Q

What factors increase somatostatin secretion

A

Low pH (<3), secretin

45
Q

What factors decrease somatostatin secretion

A

High pH, ACh, Histamine

46
Q

Why does vagal stimulation inhibit somatostatin?

A

to maximize HCl secretion for a acidic lumen (optimize enzymes)

47
Q

Vagal Stimulation causes release of ACh from enteric neurons which binds

A

Muscarinic receptors

48
Q

ACh directly increases secretion of

A

HCl and gastrin (GRP)

49
Q

ACh directly decreases secretion of

A

Somatostatin

50
Q

Gastrin directly increased release of

A

Histamine and HCl

51
Q

Histamine directly activates H2 receptors and increases the secretion of

A

HCl

52
Q

Histamine directly activates H3 receptors and decreases the secretion of

A

Somatostatin

53
Q

Other factors that increase PNS activity

A

distention of stomach, protein products in lumen, pH > 3

54
Q

Other factors that inhibit HCl secretion

A

duodenal feedback (pH <3, distention of duodenum, high osmolarity in duodenum)

55
Q

Acidic chyme in duodenum causes

A

Secretin release from S cells, which inhibits HCl secretion and increases somatostatin secretion

56
Q

Hyperosmotic chyme and duodenal distention causes

A

HCl inhibition via short and long neural reflexes

Physio U4 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions