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SCHOOL > Safety Test 1 September 11 > Flashcards

Safety Test 1 September 11 Flashcards

1
Q

slips, trips, and falls are the ___ leading cause of occupational fatalities, and how many people is this per year?

A
  • 2nd (after motor vehicle accidents)
  • 16,000 people die each year as a result of falls
  • over 3 million children per year visit ER’s b/c of these
  • one of the most preventable injury causes
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2
Q

What causes trips

A

when the foot is stopped or slowed during its swing phase

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3
Q

slips

A

result when the foot slips during the weight acceptance phase

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4
Q

weight-acceptance slip

A

the fall results when the foot slips during the weight acceptance phase

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5
Q

push-off slip

A

fall results when foot slips during the push off phase

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6
Q

slip resistance defined

dynamic coefficient of friction

A

the relative force that resists the tendency of the shoe/foot to slide along the walkway surface. it is related to a combination of factors including walkway surface, footwear bottom, and presence of foreign materials between them

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7
Q

slip resistance vs. static coefficient of friction

A
  • not equivalent
  • both expressed as unitless measures from 0-1
  • slip resistance accounts for the dynamic interaction of footwear with walking surface
  • they tend to converge together under dry conditions
  • static can overestimate slip resistance under wet conditions
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8
Q

presumed “safe level” of static coefficient of friction (dry)

A

right around 0.5 (threshold of safety)

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9
Q

why static coefficient of friction cannot be used for wet conditions

A

can provide an artificially high reading on wet surfaces due to adhesion between test foot and surface, particularly when there’s a long delay before the application of horizontal force

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10
Q

Sticktion problem

A
  • “sticktion” occurs when water is squeezed out between surfaces and creates temporary adhesion between foot and surface
  • in some cases, coefficient of friction of wet surface may test higher than same dry surface, when wet surface is actually quite slippery
  • this problem can be avoided by eliminating pre-test residence time by applying horizontal and vertical force at same time
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11
Q

protocols for measuring slip resistance

A
  • methods vary

- some accident investigators have misused standards

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12
Q

Injury Potential: falls from height

A
  • walking surface failure

- accidental stepping where no walking surface exists

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13
Q

Other injury potentials

A
  • stepping into openings, people holes, etc.
  • stepping off loading docks and other elevated surfaces w/o guards
  • deliberate stepping/jumping where no surface exists
  • failure of guardrails and other restraining devices
  • falls from ladders
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14
Q

Housekeeping - why does OSHA care about this?

A
  • it is actually a law

- bad housekeeping causes slips, trips, fire hazards, etc.

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15
Q

aisles

A
  • must be marked
  • must be clear
  • must be designed with adequate space for the tasks they’re used for
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16
Q

the rated load limits for a floor, mezzanine, platform, etc. must be:

A
  • determined by a structural professional
  • indicated on a permanent plate affixed in obvious position
  • never allow loads above capacity
17
Q

floor and wall openings

A
  • must prevent people/materials from falling through
  • can have no more than 1 inch of open surface w/o some kind of cover
  • can have a permanent attendant in lieu of railing/cover
18
Q

Fixed stairs are required if:

A
  • if regular travel from one level to another is required
  • if daily travel is required to other levels that contain harmful substances
  • if daily carrying of equipment, materials, or tools is required
19
Q

when can you use ladders instead of stairs?

A

if the destination is not another level, but a tank, crane, platform, etc.

20
Q

ladder requirements

A
  • maintain 3 points of contact w/ ladder
  • however long ladder is, supposed to be 1/4th that length from wall
  • rungs (minimum 12” apart and 16” wide)
  • ladder must reach 3 ft above surface
  • extension ladder sections must overlap 3 ft (more if > 36 ft long)
  • must ascend/descend facing ladder
21
Q

no step ladder can exceed:

A

20 ft high

22
Q

if ladder tips over:

A

it must be inspected

23
Q

if fixed ladders exceed 20 ft, must:

A

must have a landing or platform every 20 ft (every 30 ft if a cage is present)

24
Q

Pitch of ladder

A
  • 75-90 degrees for portable and fixed ladders

- portable: 4-1 ratio (one foot out for every 4 feet up)

25
Q

Fixed Ladders: pitch, clearance between ladder and wall, and rear clearance

A
  • 75-90 degrees
  • 7 inches between ladder and wall
  • 30 inches rear clearance
26
Q

broken ladders

A
  • never used

- immediately taken out of service until repaired or replaced

27
Q

Scaffolding - definition and requirements

A
  • any temporary elevated platform and its supporting structure used for supporting workmen and/or materials
  • designed for 4X intended load
  • may not work during storms/high winds
28
Q

Standard Railing

A
  • top rail + mid rail + posts
  • 42” high
  • must withstand 200 lb of force applied in any direction
  • posts can be no more than 8 ft apart
29
Q

Standard Toe Board

A
  • .25” from floor
  • 4” high
  • keeps materials from falling on people and people from sliding under mid rail and falling
30
Q

Standard Stair Railing

A
  • used when no wall next to stairs

- only 30-34” high (same specs as standard railing other than this)

31
Q

Standard Handrail

A
  • used when there is a wall next to stairs
  • 3” from wall, bracketed to wall every 8 ft
  • 30-34” high
32
Q

When to use standard rail or handrail

A
  • if there are 4 or more risers
  • atleast one handrail on right side of enclosed stairs
  • if stair width greater than 44 in, need a handrail on each enclosed side and a rail on each open side
  • if stair width greater than 88 in, need an intermediate rail in the middle
33
Q

“SISSY” Notation

A
  • Select proper ladder
  • Inspect ladder prior to use
  • Setup ladder properly, check stability
  • Safely climb/descend ladder
  • You are most important element, use good safety practices

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