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LMRT REVIEW FINALS > Safety > Flashcards

Safety Flashcards

1
Q

The frequency of a sine wave is measured by the

A

Number of times per second that the crest passes a given point

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2
Q

All electromagnetic energy moves through space at the same

A

Velocity

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3
Q

Which quality factor is a key visibility of detail?

A

Contrast

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4
Q

The contrast in the radiographic image is controlled by

A

KVp

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5
Q

The unit of potential difference is the

A

Volt

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6
Q

How does scatter radiation fog reduce the visibility of detail in a radiographic image?

A

Decreases contrast

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7
Q

The NCRP recommended monthly equivalent dose limit for a pregnant worker is ___ mSv

A

0.5

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8
Q

What is the SI unit of expsoure that measures radiation in the air?

A

Air karma (Gy-a)

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9
Q

The unit commonly used to report the effective dose to occupational workers in the US is

A

Msv

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10
Q

Which of the following changes decrease the dose to the limited operator?

A

Minimizing time spent in the radiation area, increasing the distance between the operator and the source of radiation, use shielding control booth and lead apparel

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11
Q

When an image demonstrates many densities, and there is little difference between the densities, the image is described as having

A

Long scale contrast

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12
Q

What is required to move the electron stream rapidly across the x-ray tube?

A

High potential difference

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13
Q

What type of radiation is produced when an incoming electron interacts with the K-shell electron in the tungsten atom?

A

Characteristic radiation

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14
Q

The primary controlling factor is of penetration of X-rays

A

Kvp

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15
Q

The degree of angulation of the x-ray tube target will determine the

A

Effective focal spot

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16
Q

Which of the following are characteristics of x-rays

A

Travel in straight lines, can cause biological effect on tissue, cannot be felt seen or heard

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17
Q

When an image demonstrates great differences between the densities, the image is described as

A

High contrast

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18
Q

What term is applied to the distance from one crest to the next in a sine wave

A

Wavelength

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19
Q

Patient doses in radiography are usually calculated as the

A

Entrance skin exposure (ESE)

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20
Q

If the mA doubles, the quantity of the exposure will

A

Double

21
Q

What are the four primary factors that directly affect how the x-ray image looks?

A

Density, contrast, distortion, and spatial resolution

22
Q

Compton scatter occurs when an x-ray photon interacts with which part of the atom in the patients body

A

Outer orbital electron

23
Q

During the photoelectric effect, an incoming photon interacts with the atom in the patients body. What happens to the photon with this effect?

A

It is totally absorbed by the atom

24
Q

What is the guiding philosophy of radiation protection?

A

ALARA

25
Q

Which of the following are the prime factors of exposure in radiography?

A

MA, time, kvp, SID

26
Q

Contrast is directly influenced by

A

Fog & collimation

27
Q

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the characteristics of x-rays? They can

A

Penetrate matter

28
Q

The SI unit for measuring the absorbed dose is the

A

Gray (Gy-t)

29
Q

Higher kvp settings produce images with

A

Long scale conrast

30
Q

As kvp is increased, Compton interactions will

A

Increase

31
Q

A smaller effective focal spot produces

A

Greater image sharpness

32
Q

The precise area on the target where the x-rays strike is called the

A

Focal spot

33
Q

Which of the following occurs when the mA is doubled

A

Radiographic density increases and there are twice as many photons in the X-ray beam

34
Q

Which of the following reduces the amount of scatter radiation fog on an image?

A

Decrease in kvp, decrease in field size

35
Q

The federal regulation for the lead equivalency of protective aprons that are worn in the radiographic room is ___ mm

A

0.5

36
Q

Which of the following transformers would have more windings on the primary side?

A

Step down transformer

37
Q

Which of the following will minimize shape distortion?

A

Position plane of subject parallel to plane of IR and position the CR perpendicular to IR and subject

38
Q

The lead equivalent thickness of a gonad shield should be ___ mm

A

0.5

39
Q

The primary controlling factor of contrast is

A

Kilovoltage

40
Q

Scatter radiation fog will 1) Increase density,2) decrease contrast, 3)reduce visibility of detail

A

Increase density, decrease contrast, reduce visibility of detail

41
Q

A change from the small focal spot to the large focal spot results in

A

Decreased resolution

42
Q

When a body part appears on a radiograph as longer than it actually is, the term used is

A

Elongation

43
Q

The factors that affect X-ray quality are

A

Kilovoltage and filtration

44
Q

Short term affects of radiation would occur within how long

A

3 months

45
Q

The photoelectric effect occurs when an incoming photon from the primary beam interacts with which part of the atom in the patients body?

A

Inner shell electron

46
Q

The annual effective dose limit for an occupational radiation worker is

A

50 mSv

47
Q

Which of the following can the limited operator do to keep radiation exposure to patients as low as reasonably achievable

A

Use a small radiation field, use the highest kvp possible, and never use an SID below 40 inches

48
Q

The geometric factors that affect the formation of the image are

A

SID and OID

49
Q

What are the four essential elements required for x-ray production?

A

A target, a vacuum, an electron source, and high potential difference

LMRT REVIEW FINALS (5 decks)

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