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OPP II Exam 1 > Sacrum > Flashcards

Sacrum Flashcards

1
Q

sacrum fusion

A

age 25

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2
Q

sacral base

A

top

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3
Q

apex

A

bottom of sacrum

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4
Q

sacral promontory

A

anterior portion of S1

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5
Q

ligaments of sacrum

A

iliolumbar**
sacrospinous
sacrotuberous
A/P sacroiliac

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6
Q

to ischial tuberosity

A

hamstrings

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7
Q

tight hamstrings

A

sacral dysfunction

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8
Q

sarcum and uterus

A

connected

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9
Q

muscles that move sacrum

A

no one really knows
-no muscles move sacrum directly**

pull of ligaments

piriformis, iliacus, pelvic diaphragm, aponeurosis of erector spinae

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10
Q

piriformis

A

external rotator of thigh

innervation S1-2

intimate relationship to sciatic nerve

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11
Q

lumbosacral angle

A

24-35 degree angle

increased in obese and pregnant

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12
Q

sacral sulci

A

medial and superior to PSIS

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13
Q

ILA

A

most posterior aspect of the sacrum

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14
Q

ILAs alone

A

can distinguish shear

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15
Q

axes of motion

A

7 total**

1 vertical
1 A/P
3 transverse
2 oblique

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16
Q

superior transverse axis

A

respiratory axis

S2

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17
Q

middle transverse axis

A

sacroiliac axis

S3

flex/extend motion of sacrum on ilium

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18
Q

inferior transverse axis

A

iliosacral axis

S4

flex/extend motion of ilium on sacrum

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19
Q

exhalation

A

sacrum flexion

lumbar lordosis increases

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20
Q

inhalation

A

sacrum extension

lumbar lordosis decreases

21
Q

oblique axis

A

named for superior aspect they exit

22
Q

sacral sulcus

A

superior portion

23
Q

walking

A

torsional motion

weight on left foot

  • sacrum rotates right on right oblique axis
  • lumbar sidebends right
24
Q

4 things to know

A

what feeds it (neurovascular)?
whats its origin and insertion?
whats its reflex?

25
Q

seated flexion test

A

for sacrum

**feet flat on floor

tests S3 motion

side of dysfunction and opposite axis in sacral torsion**

26
Q

standing flexion test

A

for innominate

27
Q

sheers

A

side restricted is side of dysfunction

28
Q

positive spring test

A

sacrum stuck backwards

29
Q

negative spring test

A

sacrum moves forward

30
Q

backward bending test

A

sphinx test

31
Q

sphinx test

A

creates lumbar extension and sacral flexion

32
Q

negative BBT

A

findings improve

  • sacrum likes flexion
  • direction of ease is forward
33
Q

positive BBT

A

findings do not improve

  • sacrum stuck in extension
  • base stuck backwards
34
Q

motion testing

A

anterior pressure on ILAs and sulci

35
Q

L5 rules**

A
  1. sacral oblique axis will be to same side as L5 sidebending
  2. sacrum rotates opposite L5
  3. seated flexion test is positive on opposite side of oblique axis
36
Q

SI joint dysfunction

A

can shorten stride

  • inhibit gluts
  • activates/overuse hamstrings
37
Q

quadratus lumborum

A

stabilizer of L-spine

  • activated - pulls on iliolumbar ligaments
  • lower back pain
  • jammed butt syndrome - jump one leg constantly
38
Q

fascial connections

A

foot to thoracolumbar region

39
Q

gait sacrum

A 
foot flat - symmetric
midstance (right) - left on left torsion
bipedal - symmeric
midswing - right on right torsion
right terminal swing - sacrum symmetrical
40
Q

right on right sacral torsion

A

negative spring

improve on BBT

41
Q

right on left sacral torsion

A

positive spring

do not improve on BBT

42
Q

unilateral sacral flexion shear

A

negative spring

improve on BBT

43
Q

unilateral sacral extension shear

A

positive spring

do not improve on BBT

44
Q

bilateral sacral shear

A

negative seated flexion
sulci equal
ILAs equal

positive spring - extension
-BBT fail to improve

negative spring - flexion
-BBT improve

45
Q

+BBT

A

does not improve

46
Q

-BBT

A

improves

47
Q

bilateral extension

A

positive spring

BBT fail to improve

48
Q

bilateral flexion

A

negative spring

BBT improve

OPP II Exam 1 (7 decks)

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