Autonomics and Somatic Reflexes Flashcards
autonomic nervous systems
2 neuron systems
-preganglionic and postganglionic
parasympathetics
craniosacral
CN III, VII, IX, X
S2-4
long preganglionic
synapse at terminal ganglia - effector ganglion
ACh - pre and postganglionic
parsympathetic cause
diarrhea urination pupil contract bradycardia bronchospasm emesis lacrimation salivation
when treating autonomics
nerve forget the OA
we “balance” the autonomics
vagus nerve
exits jugular foramen
-close to OA
sympathetics
T1-L2 fight/flight short preganglionic long postganglionic paraspinal ganglia more divergence
Ach - preganglionic
NE - postganglionic
IMLCC
cell bodies of sympathetics
white rami communicantes
preganglionic
only T1-L2
gray rami communicantes
postganglionic
innervation to extremeties
not by PS
sympathetic only**
enteric NS
two plexus
submucosal and myenteric
in GI system
influenced by autonomics
visceral afferents
nociceptive fibers travel with symapthetics**
non-nociceptive with parasympathetics
vagus nerve
mostly afferent fibers
PAN
primary afferent nociceptors
- small unmyelinated
- ex/ C fibers
- naked nerve endings
- can experience sensitization
- high energy stimuli
somatosomatic reflex
DTRs
withdrawal
viscero-visceral reflex
gut distension > contraction
baroreceptor reflex
viscero-somatic reflex
cardiac disease > somatic dysfunction T1-5
somato-visceral reflex
spinal manipulation > change in HR, BP, sympathetic activity to kidney and adrenal medulla
convergence projection theory
referred pain
- visceral and somatic afferents converge on same or associated neurons
- viscero-somatic or somato-somatic pain
viscero-somatic reflexes cause
non-neutral type II lesions
- single segment
- same side rotation and side bending
facilitation
area of restriction develops lower threshold for irritation and dysfunction when other structures stimulated
less negative RMP
- hyperirritable or hyperresponsive
- muscles hypertonic
tender point
aka jones points
small hypersensitive point in myofascial tissues of body used as diagnostic criteria
-NOT A DIAGNOSIS**
without radiation**
abrupt lengthening of muscle
-spindle fibers - reflex contract pulls on antagonistic *creates dysfunction
travells points
aka trigger points
hypersensitive palpable nodule
- painful with referred pain
- active and latent
treat with soft tissue, deep massage, injection, MET, myofacial stretch
active travell point
refer pain at rest, with muscle activity, or with palpation
latent travell point
produce pain only when probed with more steady pressure
jump sign
palpate trigger point (travells)
-pt winces/withdraws
local twitch
palpate trigger point
-transient contraction of taut band of fibers with trigger point
Tx of tender point
counterstrain
Tx of trigger point
soft tissue, deep massage, injection, etc.
tender vs. trigger point
tender is small size and no referred pain in tendon attachments or muscles bellies
trigger is palpable nodule with referred pain in taut band of muscle
chapmans points
ganglioform contraction that may block lymph drainage causing inflammation
bump under skin
part of sympathetic dysfunction
tip of 12th rib on right
chapman point for appendicitis
