Autonomics and Somatic Reflexes

Question 1

autonomic nervous systems

Answer 1

2 neuron systems

-preganglionic and postganglionic

Question 2

parasympathetics

Answer 2

craniosacral
CN III, VII, IX, X
S2-4

long preganglionic
synapse at terminal ganglia - effector ganglion

ACh - pre and postganglionic

Question 3

parsympathetic cause

Answer 3

diarrhea
urination
pupil contract
bradycardia
bronchospasm
emesis
lacrimation
salivation

Question 4

when treating autonomics

Answer 4

nerve forget the OA

we “balance” the autonomics

Question 5

vagus nerve

Answer 5

exits jugular foramen

-close to OA

Question 6

sympathetics

Answer 6

T1-L2
fight/flight
short preganglionic
long postganglionic
paraspinal ganglia
more divergence

Ach - preganglionic
NE - postganglionic

Question 7

IMLCC

Answer 7

cell bodies of sympathetics

Question 8

white rami communicantes

Answer 8

preganglionic

only T1-L2

Question 9

gray rami communicantes

Answer 9

postganglionic

Question 10

innervation to extremeties

Answer 10

not by PS

sympathetic only**

Question 11

enteric NS

Answer 11

two plexus
submucosal and myenteric
in GI system

influenced by autonomics

Question 12

visceral afferents

Answer 12

nociceptive fibers travel with symapthetics**

non-nociceptive with parasympathetics

Question 13

vagus nerve

Answer 13

mostly afferent fibers

Question 14

PAN

Answer 14

primary afferent nociceptors

• small unmyelinated
• ex/ C fibers
• naked nerve endings
• can experience sensitization
• high energy stimuli

Question 15

somatosomatic reflex

Answer 15

DTRs

withdrawal

Question 16

viscero-visceral reflex

Answer 16

gut distension > contraction

baroreceptor reflex

Question 17

viscero-somatic reflex

Answer 17

cardiac disease > somatic dysfunction T1-5

Question 18

somato-visceral reflex

Answer 18

spinal manipulation > change in HR, BP, sympathetic activity to kidney and adrenal medulla

Question 19

convergence projection theory

Answer 19

referred pain

• visceral and somatic afferents converge on same or associated neurons
• viscero-somatic or somato-somatic pain

Question 20

viscero-somatic reflexes cause

Answer 20

non-neutral type II lesions

• single segment
• same side rotation and side bending

Question 21

facilitation

Answer 21

area of restriction develops lower threshold for irritation and dysfunction when other structures stimulated

less negative RMP

• hyperirritable or hyperresponsive
• muscles hypertonic

Question 22

tender point

Answer 22

aka jones points

small hypersensitive point in myofascial tissues of body used as diagnostic criteria
-NOT A DIAGNOSIS**

without radiation**

abrupt lengthening of muscle
-spindle fibers - reflex contract pulls on antagonistic *creates dysfunction

Question 23

travells points

Answer 23

aka trigger points

hypersensitive palpable nodule

• painful with referred pain
• active and latent

treat with soft tissue, deep massage, injection, MET, myofacial stretch

Question 24

active travell point

Answer 24

refer pain at rest, with muscle activity, or with palpation

Question 25

latent travell point

Answer 25

produce pain only when probed with more steady pressure

Question 26

jump sign

Answer 26

palpate trigger point (travells)

-pt winces/withdraws

Question 27

local twitch

Answer 27

palpate trigger point

-transient contraction of taut band of fibers with trigger point

Question 28

Tx of tender point

Answer 28

counterstrain

Question 29

Tx of trigger point

Answer 29

soft tissue, deep massage, injection, etc.

Question 30

tender vs. trigger point

Answer 30

tender is small size and no referred pain in tendon attachments or muscles bellies

trigger is palpable nodule with referred pain in taut band of muscle

Question 31

chapmans points

Answer 31

ganglioform contraction that may block lymph drainage causing inflammation

bump under skin

part of sympathetic dysfunction

Question 32

tip of 12th rib on right

Answer 32

chapman point for appendicitis