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OPP II Exam 1 > Cephalgia > Flashcards

Cephalgia Flashcards

1
Q

cephalgia

A

headache

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2
Q

47% adults

A

suffer HA 1 time a year

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3
Q

2nd most common complaint

A

cephalgia

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4
Q

most common type

A

migraine

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5
Q

tension headaches

A

three degrees severity

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6
Q

infrequent

A

less than 1 per month

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7
Q

frequent

A

HA episode 2-14 days

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8
Q

chronic

A

HA 15 or more days per month

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9
Q

pathology of tension headaches

A

dont know mechanism

  • CNS - decreased threshold of neurons - leads to misinterpretation
  • PNS - increased muscle tenderness, increased number of active trigger points, forward head posture, decreased neck mobility
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10
Q

every one in US has episodic

A

3000 x 10~6 lost work days annually

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11
Q

clinical features tension headaches

A

peripheral muscle tenderness

  • head, neck, shoulders
  • constant worsens with HA pain
  • correlates with frequency of HA and intensity of HA pain
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12
Q

palpation of muscles

A

can initiate HA

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13
Q

diagnostic criteria of tension headaches

A 
bilateral head pain
pain steady
intensity is mild to moderate pain
no aggravation of HA by normal daily activities
Pain lasts 30 minutes to 7 days
HA not attributed to other causes
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14
Q

Tx of tension headache

A

earlier the treatment, the better

  • start with max dose of chosen therapy
  • triptans, muscle relaxants, OMT
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15
Q

clenching teeth at night

A

TMJ - could cause tension headaches

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16
Q

migraine headaches

A

mechanism unknown

  • vascular - dilation of vessels in brain, pain
  • cortical spreading depression theory - self propagating wave of neuronal and glial depolarization in the brain
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17
Q

trigemino muscular theory

A

activation of trigeminal system, neuron that innervates the vessels of dura

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18
Q

aura migraine

A

from vessel constriction

19
Q

sensitization

A

neurons increase response to nociceptive input

20
Q

genetics

A

role in development in migraine

21
Q

prodrome

A

phase before have headaches

22
Q

affective or vegetative symptoms 24-48 hours before

A

euphoria, depression, irritability, food craving, constipation, neck stiffness

23
Q

aura

A

in classic migraine

24
Q

types of aura

A

visual, auditory, olfactory, verbal

any sense

25
Q

most common aura

A

visual

-visual loss

26
Q

HA stage

A

unilateral, throbbing, pulsatile pain, intensity increase, nausea/vomiting, chills sweats, photo/phonobia

27
Q

postdrome pain

A

pain when move head

  • exhaustion
  • elation/euphoria
28
Q

mild to moderate migraine

A

no nausea/vomiting

29
Q

moderate to severe

A

have nausea/vomiting

30
Q

cluster headaches

A

episodic and chronic

31
Q

episodic

A

daily attacks for weeks with periods of remission

32
Q

chronic

A

daily attacks with no significant periods of remission

33
Q

pathogenesis of cluster headaches

A

unknown

  • theory 1 - hypothalamic activation with secondary activation of trigeminal autonomic reflex
  • 2 - neurogenic inflammation of wall of cavernous sinus obliterates venous drainage
34
Q

clinical features of cluster headaches

A

8 times a day
unilateral
attacks of severe orbital, supraorbital, temporal pain

35
Q

diagnosis of cluster headaches

A

at least 5 attacks
lasting 15-180 mins

one every other day for more than half time for an attack period

one or more other symptoms of cluster HA

36
Q

medication overuse headaches

A

pathogenesis, not understood

opiods, aspirin, tylenol, butalbital, triptans, ergotamine, NSAIDs

37
Q

clinical features of medication overuse HA

A

frequent treatment of HA pain with analgesic

-

38
Q

diagnosis of medication overuse HA

A

more than 15 days / month

  • for at least 3 months
  • developed or worsened with continued use of medication
39
Q

Tx of medication overuse HA

A

stop medication intake

-withdrawal symptoms, make HA worse

40
Q

bridge therapy

A

treat the HA pain to get through withdrawal period, use the bridging agent not same class of drug

41
Q

HA is complaint

A

associated with many illnesses

consider other potential causes

42
Q

indications for imaging

A

possible with bad enough headache

43
Q

CV4

A

cranial technique done to self for HA decrease

OPP II Exam 1 (7 decks)

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