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BIOB 260 > Saccharides + Lipids > Flashcards

Saccharides + Lipids Flashcards

why are there so many of these

1
Q

Carbohydrate Function

A

Energy!
Support structure of exoskeleton/cell wall
Form more complex stuff

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2
Q

Monosaccharide

A

single monomer

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3
Q

Disaccharide

A

two monomers

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4
Q

Oligosaccharide

A

few sugars

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5
Q

Polysaccharide

A

many sugars

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6
Q

Carbohydrate Molecular Formula

A

(CH2O) n:
– “n” equals the number of “carbon-
hydrate groups”
– “n” can vary from 3 to over a
thousand

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7
Q

Carbohydrate Structure

A

carbonyl group C=O
many –OH (hydroxyls)
C-C , C-H bonds

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8
Q

Aldose

A

Carbonyl group at the end of a carbon chain

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9
Q

Ketose

A

Carbonyl group within a carbon chain

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10
Q

Triose

A

3 carbon

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11
Q

Pentose

A

5 carbon
(Ribose)

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12
Q

Hexose

A

6 carbon
(most common)

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13
Q

Glucose Structure
(Alpha)

A
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14
Q

Galactose Structure
(Alpha)

A
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15
Q

Glucose Structure
(Beta)

A
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16
Q

Galactose Structure
(Beta)

A
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17
Q

Fructose Structure

A
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18
Q

Why is Sugars Structure Important?

A

Glucose can feed directly into glycolysis (cell respiration) making energy
Galactose needs to be converted to glucose (takes 3 enzymes) before it can be used

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19
Q

What connects Monosaccharides?

A

Glycosidic Linkage
Alpha 1,4 and Beta 1,4 most common
Dehydration + Condensation Reaction

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20
Q

Maltose
(Structure + Linkage)

A

2 Glucose
Alpha 1,4 glycosidic linkage

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21
Q

Lactose
(Structure + Linkage)

A

Glucose + Galactose
Beta 1,4 glycosidic linkage

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22
Q

Sucrose
(Structure + Linkage)

A

Glucose + Fructose
Alpha, Beta 1,2

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23
Q

Types of Polysaccharides

A

Starch-
energy storage in plants ⍺ 1,4 glycosidic linkage
Glycogen-
energy storage in animals ⍺ 1,4 glycosidic linkage Cellulose-
plant cell wall 𝛽-1,4 glycosidic linkage
Chitin-
structural support (exoskeleton) 𝛽-1,4 linkage
Peptidoglycan-
bacterial cell wall 𝛽-1,4 linkage

24
Q

Starch
(Breakdown + Linkage)

A

Alpha 1,4 glycosidic linkage

Amylase breaks down

25
Q

Glycogen
(Breakdown + Linkage)

A

Alpha 1,4 glycosidic linkage

Phosphorylase breaks down

26
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Glucose stored as Starch
CO2 + H2O —————> (CH2O)n + O2
sunlight
Makes glucose (C6H12O6)

27
Q

Cellular Respiration
(Formula)

A

C6H12O6 + O2 + ADP +Pi ——> CO2 + H2 O + ATP

28
Q

Polysaccharide Function
* IN CELL IDENTIFICATION *

A

identification badge on the outside of a cell.

29
Q

Glycolipid Function
* IN CELL IDENTIFICATION *

A

lipid with covalently linked carbohydrates

30
Q

Glycoprotein Function
* IN CELL IDENTIFICATION *

A

protein covalently linked to carbohydrates

Expressed outside of the cell = blood type

31
Q

Function of Lipids

A

Store chemical energy (ex: triglyceride)
Signal between cells
Make up the Plasma Membrane

32
Q

Basics Structure of Lipids

A

Insoluble, Hydrophobic
Isoprenoid- branches of hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon Chains (C-C, C-H bonds)
Fatty Acid-hydrocarbon chain connected to hydroxyl, 14-20 carbons

33
Q

Saturated Fatty Acid

A

C-C
single bonds, rotate freely
* lipids pack together easier and form a solid *
less permeable
more van der Waals forces
Ex: butter

34
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

A

C=C
Locked into place
form a kink
move more freely
more permeable
fewer van der Waals interactions
liquid
Ex: oils

35
Q

Is the picture of a Saturated or Unsaturated Fatty Acid ?

A

Unsaturated
(C=C + kink)

36
Q

Types of Unsaturated Fats
(Name + One word Definition)

A

Cis - Same
Trans - Different

37
Q

Cis Fatty Acids
(Structure)

A
38
Q

Trans Fatty Acids

A
39
Q

Hydrogenation

A

Making an unsaturated fat saturated

40
Q

Types of Lipids

A

Fats (Triglycerides)
Steroids
Phospholipids

41
Q

Fats
(Structure + Basics)

A

Dehydration reaction between a hydroxyl group of glycerol and the carboxyl free fatty acid
* 3 fatty acids linked to Glycerol *
Ester Linkage

Store energy (high potential energy)
More non-polar covalent bonds than Carbohydrates

42
Q

Steroids
(Structure)

A

Bulky 4 ring carbon structure
Added groups for different function
Mostly Nonpolar - Hydrophobic

43
Q

Phospholipids
(Structure + Basics)

A

Glycerol connected to 2 fatty acid chains
hydrophobic
Phosphate Group
Charged/hydrophilic
Nonpolar/ hydrophobic tail
Small organic molecule

44
Q

Amphipathic Molecule

A

Molecules that have polar and non-polar regions
Ex: Phospholipids

45
Q

Phospholipids Form…?

A

Bc of Amphipathic nature it is able to form:
micelles and lipid bilayer
* Non-polar regions are hiding
* Polar regions interacting with aqueous solution.

46
Q

Libosomes

A

artificial vesicle
created to transport drugs and other substances

47
Q

Vesicle

A

Transport within the cell

48
Q

Planar Bilayer

A

Used to measure permeability
Separate two aqueous environments with a membrane

49
Q

Selective Permeability

A

Allow small + non-polar molecules to pass through
Hydrophobic interior of Membrane

50
Q

What influences permeability?

A

Saturation state of Hydrocarbon tails
Length of hydrocarbon tails
Cholesterol content
less cholesterol = more permeable
Temperature
higher temp = more permeable

51
Q
A

Cholesterol inserted into a membrane with cis unsaturated fatty acid chains

52
Q

Brain Break :O

A
53
Q

Brain Break
(academic weaponing can wait)

A
54
Q

Brain Break <3

A

back to work !

55
Q

Brain Break 😎

A
56
Q

Brain break
(ur almost done !)

A

BIOB 260 (5 decks)

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